Tin oxide as an emerging electron transport medium in perovskite solar cells

Wali, Qamar; Iqbal, Yaseen; Pal, Bhupender; Lowe, Adrian; Jose, Rajan

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2018.02.007

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…There are only two review papers on SnO 2 used in PSCs so far. The first one was written by Wali et al, who placed emphasis on the comparison of the performance of SnO 2 PSCs with that of the TiO 2 and ZnO devices. In another perspective article, we introduced the recent progress of different forms of SnO 2 ETLs and focused on the device stability of PSCs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Application of SnO₂ in Perovskite Solar Cells

Xiong

Guo

Wen

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

530

335

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SnO 2 has been well investigated in many successful state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its favorable attributes such as high mobility, wide bandgap, and deep conduction band and valence band. Several independent studies show the performances of PSCs with SnO 2 are higher than that with TiO 2 , especially in device stability. In 2015, the first planar PSCs were reported with a power conversion efficiency over 17% using a low temperature sol-derived SnO 2 nanocrystal electron transport layer (ETL). Since then, many other groups have also reported high performance PSCs based on SnO 2 ETLs. SnO 2 planar PSCs show currently the highest performance in planar configuration devices (21.6%) and are close to the record holder of TiO 2 mesoporous PSCs, suggesting their high potential as ETLs in PSCs. The main concerns with the application of SnO 2 as ETL are that it suffers from degradation in high temperature processes and that its much lower conduction band compared to perovskite may result in a voltage loss of PSCs. Here, notable achievements to date are outlined, the unique attributes of SnO 2 as ETLs in PSCs are described, and the challenges facing the successful development of PSCs and approaches to the problems are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Application of SnO₂ in Perovskite Solar Cells

Xiong

Guo

Wen

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

530

335

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show abstract

“…25,27,28 Interestingly, it has been reported that iOSCs based on SnO 2 are not only of free light-soaking issues 29 but also excellent in terms of device stability. 30 Additionally, SnO 2 possesses higher electron mobility up to 240 cm 2 V –1 s –1 (which is more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than TiO 2 ), 27,31 and a wider band gap (3.6–4.0 eV), 27,31 as well as low trap density compared with ZnO and TiO 2 . 32 Moreover, SnO 2 has a very suitable conduction-band minimum (CBM) for efficient charge transport, and a deeper valence-band maximum (VBM), which is helpful for hole blocking in iOSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Note that a low temperature of about 180 °C is possible for a low-cost, high-throughput roll-to-roll printing technique on flexible substrates for eventually commercial iOSCs. 25 To date, there are reports for low-temperature solution-processed SnO 2 as ETLs; 25,27,28,33 however, most of them are applied to perovskite solar cells. To our knowledge, so far, there are few reports on SnO 2 ETLs, and in most cases, these iOSCs are based on a normal well-studied P3HT:PC 60 BM active layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified SnO₂ with Alkali Carbonates as Robust Electron-Transport Layers for Inverted Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2018

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We report for the first time that alkali carbonates (Li 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , and Rb 2 CO 3 ) based on a low-temperature solution process can be used as interfacial modifiers for SnO 2 as robust electron-transport layers (ETL) for inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs). The room-temperature photoluminescence, the electron-only devices, and the impedance studies altogether suggested the interfacial properties of the alkali carbonates–modified SnO 2 ETLs, which were much better than those based on the SnO 2 only, provided efficient charge transport, and reduced the charge recombination rates for iOSCs. The iOSCs using the polymer donor poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2- b ;4,5- b ′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl- alt -(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4- b ]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl] and the fullerene acceptor phenyl-C 70 -butyric acid methyl ester as the active layer showed the average power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) based on ten devices of 6.70, 6.85, and 7.35% with Li 2 CO 3 -, K 2 CO 3 -, and Rb 2 CO 3 -modified SnO 2 as ETLs, respectively; these are more than 22, 24, and 33% higher than those based on the SnO 2 only (5.49%). Moreover, these iOSC devices exhibited long-term stabilities, with over 90% PCEs remaining after the devices were stored in ambient air for 6 weeks without encapsulations. We believe that alkali carbonates–modified SnO 2 approaches are an effective way to achieve stable and highly efficient iOSCs and might also be suitable for other optoelectronic devices where an ETL is needed, such as perovskite solar cells or organic light-emitting diodes.

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“…Different setups of selective contacts are possible and have been realized in literature to improve performance. An example is the introduction of LiF and PCBM as passivating/selective interlayers of the ETL, as was seen in high efficiency tandem devices on laboratory scale [23]- [25]. The more complex and cost-intensive structure, module B uses a multilayer ETL stack and additionally considers an exemplary stack of P3HT and PEDOT:PSS as HTL and silver as metal contact [26], [27].…”

Section: Perovskite Module Manufacturing Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Race for Lowest Costs of Electricity Production: Techno-Economic Analysis of Silicon, Perovskite and Tandem Solar Cells

Zafoschnig

Nold

Goldschmidt

2020

IEEE J. Photovoltaics

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Approaching efficiency limits for silicon photovoltaics and impressive efficiency gains for new perovskite and perovskite silicon tandem solar cells trigger the question, which technology will be the most economically attractive option in the future. With a bottom-up approach we estimate the manufacturing costs of modules based on silicon, perovskite single junction, and perovskite silicon tandem solar cells. We determine levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) based on current costs, and because the perovskite technology is not readily available yet, project as well future LCOE considering the ongoing dynamic system cost reductions. Furthermore, we use an empirical link between perovskite single junction efficiency and resulting tandem efficiency, to estimate LCOE for both technologies for a given status of the perovskite technology. We find that if the perovskite technology matures to a level within the next 5-6 years where single junction module efficiency exceed 22% and tandem device efficiency 30% using low-cost industrial scale processes, while module lifetimes are comparable to silicon, perovskite silicon tandem devices are especially promising for residential applications, while in utility installations perovskite silicon tandems and perovskite singlejunction devices promise a cost advantage over pure silicon. LCOE reductions of 10%-20% compared to pure silicon photovoltaics are possible.

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Tin oxide as an emerging electron transport medium in perovskite solar cells

Cited by 49 publications

References 130 publications

Review on the Application of SnO₂ in Perovskite Solar Cells

Review on the Application of SnO₂ in Perovskite Solar Cells

Modified SnO₂ with Alkali Carbonates as Robust Electron-Transport Layers for Inverted Organic Solar Cells

The Race for Lowest Costs of Electricity Production: Techno-Economic Analysis of Silicon, Perovskite and Tandem Solar Cells

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Tin oxide as an emerging electron transport medium in perovskite solar cells

Cited by 49 publications

References 130 publications

Review on the Application of SnO2 in Perovskite Solar Cells

Review on the Application of SnO2 in Perovskite Solar Cells

Modified SnO2 with Alkali Carbonates as Robust Electron-Transport Layers for Inverted Organic Solar Cells

The Race for Lowest Costs of Electricity Production: Techno-Economic Analysis of Silicon, Perovskite and Tandem Solar Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Review on the Application of SnO₂ in Perovskite Solar Cells

Review on the Application of SnO₂ in Perovskite Solar Cells

Modified SnO₂ with Alkali Carbonates as Robust Electron-Transport Layers for Inverted Organic Solar Cells