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BackgroundWhen measuring the treatment effect in tinnitus with multi-item outcome instruments, it is crucial for both clinical and research purposes to take into consideration clinical importance of the outcome scores. The aim of the present study is to determine minimal important change (MIC) in tinnitus which is clinically meaningful to patients with otosclerosis.MethodsThe study population was 95 patients with otosclerosis, suffering from tinnitus. They completed the Tinnitus Functional Index before stapedotomy and 3 months after the surgery. The minimal important change was estimated with the Clinical Global Impression Scale as the external criterion (anchor). The mean change method and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method were used to determine minimal important change in tinnitus sensation.ResultsThe improvement in tinnitus after stapedotomy was reported by 69.4% of the patients with otosclerosis. Minimal important change in tinnitus was estimated as reduction of 8.8 points in the Tinnitus Functional Index.ConclusionsThe anchor-based approach using an external criterion (anchor) allows to determine change in tinnitus sensation which is meaningful to patients after stapedotomy. The value of 8.8 points in Tinnitus Functional Index could be used as benchmark of stapedotomy effectiveness in otosclerosis patients suffering from tinnitus. Hearing difficulties comorbid with tinnitus could affect the perception of tinnitus change.
BackgroundWhen measuring the treatment effect in tinnitus with multi-item outcome instruments, it is crucial for both clinical and research purposes to take into consideration clinical importance of the outcome scores. The aim of the present study is to determine minimal important change (MIC) in tinnitus which is clinically meaningful to patients with otosclerosis.MethodsThe study population was 95 patients with otosclerosis, suffering from tinnitus. They completed the Tinnitus Functional Index before stapedotomy and 3 months after the surgery. The minimal important change was estimated with the Clinical Global Impression Scale as the external criterion (anchor). The mean change method and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method were used to determine minimal important change in tinnitus sensation.ResultsThe improvement in tinnitus after stapedotomy was reported by 69.4% of the patients with otosclerosis. Minimal important change in tinnitus was estimated as reduction of 8.8 points in the Tinnitus Functional Index.ConclusionsThe anchor-based approach using an external criterion (anchor) allows to determine change in tinnitus sensation which is meaningful to patients after stapedotomy. The value of 8.8 points in Tinnitus Functional Index could be used as benchmark of stapedotomy effectiveness in otosclerosis patients suffering from tinnitus. Hearing difficulties comorbid with tinnitus could affect the perception of tinnitus change.
BackgroundMany tinnitus scales are available, but all of them have certain limitations. The aim of the current study was to present a psychometric data of a new brief and reliable questionnaire that could be conveniently used for evaluating tinnitus complaint in adults (either with normal or impaired hearing)—Skarzynski Tinnitus Scale (STS).MethodsThe study included 125 participants with at least 1 month of tinnitus duration. All participants were asked to complete the STS, Tinnitus and Hearing Survey (THS), Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and Beck Depression Inventory. Psychometric properties of the new tool were tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Pearson bivariate correlation with other tinnitus questionnaires, Pearson bivariate correlation with pure-tone audiometry, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, limits of agreement, smallest detectable change, and floor and ceiling effects. Norms for tinnitus severity as measured by the STS are proposed.ResultsAs a whole, the STS has excellent reliability (ICC = 0.94) and good internal consistency (α = 0.91). The results of EFA and content analysis of wording of the items justified the three-factorial structure. The convergent validity was proven by a significant positive correlation with THI, TFI and THS Subscale A scores. Additionally, the authors proposed norms dividing the results into four tinnitus severity grades.ConclusionsStatistical analysis shows that STS is a brief but robust tool well-suited to clinical practice. A feature of STS is that it takes into account the impact of tinnitus on the patient’s psychological (emotional, cognitive) and functional domains as well as their ability to cope with tinnitus-related distress.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40001-018-0347-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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