Tinnitus Update

Han, Byung In; Lee, Ho Won; Ryu, Sanghyo; Kim, Ji‐Soo

doi:10.3988/jcn.2021.17.1.1

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…Many patients with tinnitus have some kind of hearing impairment and their hearing status have been found to be correlated to the experienced tinnitus distress in previous studies ( 4 , 5 ). As tinnitus itself is a symptom, the treatment options depend on the etiology of the underlying disease ( 6 ). However, in the majority of patients with tinnitus the underlying cause is unknown and symptom reduction seems to be the highest achievable goal for many patients affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Chronic Tinnitus Distress and Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesIn this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the evidence regarding the correlation between tinnitus distress and the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic tinnitus. Also, the prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms scores in patients with chronic tinnitus was evaluated.MethodsWe performed a systematic review in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library in June 2021 using the terms “depression” and “tinnitus,” and their synonyms, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were selected on relevance and critically appraised regarding risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottowa Quality Assessment Scale.ResultsA total of 1,912 articles were screened on title and abstract after the removal of the duplicates. Eventually, 33 (1.5%) articles were included for the final analysis. Only cross-sectional cohort studies and case–control studies with a low level of evidence and a high risk of bias due to the study design and patient selection were found. Statistically significant correlations between the experienced tinnitus distress and depressive symptoms were reported in 31 out of 33 studies. Clinically relevant depression scores had a prevalence of 4.6–41.7%.ConclusionsIn this systematic review, in which mostly cross-sectional studies were included, a statistically significant correlation was found between the experienced tinnitus distress and the reported severity of symptoms of depression in patients with chronic tinnitus. A wide range of clinically relevant depression scores were reported in included studies. Due to the high risk of bias of included studies it is not possible to provide a definite answer on the existence of this relationship. Future population-based studies are necessary to provide more clarity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Chronic Tinnitus Distress and Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an external auditory stimulus [14]. It can be caused by several different underlying conditions that affect a wide range of structures between the ear and the brain itself, leading to variability in clinical manifestations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These treatments include pharmacotherapies (e.g., antidepressants), ear-level devices (e.g., hearing aids), sound generators, behavioral therapy, and even cochlear implants [20,21]. Among the most recent treatment methods is the utilization of non-invasive techniques that focus on the electrical or magnetic stimulation of specific brain regions that are known to be associated with tinnitus [14]. Though a newer therapy, many studies have examined the utilization of rTMS as a novel therapeutic tool for tinnitus [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus

Denton

Finberg

Ashman

et al. 2021

JCM

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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, neuromodulating technique for brain hyperexcitability disorders. The objective of this paper is to discuss the mechanism of action of rTMS as well as to investigate the literature involving the application of rTMS in the treatment of tinnitus. The reviewed aspects of the protocols included baseline evaluation, the total number of sessions, frequency and the total number of stimuli, the location of treatment, and the outcome measures. Even with heterogeneous protocols, most studies utilized validated tinnitus questionnaires as baseline and outcome measures. Low frequency (1 Hz) stimulation throughout 10 consecutive sessions was the most widely used frequency and treatment duration; however, there was no consensus on the total number of stimuli necessary to achieve significant results. The auditory cortex (AC) was the most targeted location, with most studies supporting changes in neural activity with multi-site stimulation to areas in the frontal cortex (FC), particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The overall efficacy across most of the reviewed trials reveals positive statistically significant results. Though rTMS has proven to impact neuroplasticity at the microscopic and clinical level, further studies are warranted to demonstrate and support the clinical use of rTMS in tinnitus treatment with a standardized protocol.

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“…10 Somatosound can be classified into vascular and non-vascular by origin 6 , and pulsatile and nonpulsatile according to the sound characteristics. 11 Vascular tinnitus is reported to have a 4% incidence 12 among all types of tinnitus. Among somatosounds, vascular tinnitus accounts for 7.6%, muscular origin 4.3%, and patulous eustachian tube 5.2%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-pulsatile tinnitus is caused by TMJ and cervical spine (neck) disorders, 1 eustachian tube dysfunction, 4,5,11,22,23 or neurologic disorders such as palatomyoclonus and idiopathic stapedial muscle spasm, which are often associated with other neurologic disorders such as brain-stem tumor, infarction, or multiple sclerosis. 24 Identification of the underlying cause is essential in providing appropriate treatment and determining the prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatosound: A review with report of 9 cases with long-term follow-up

Han¹,

Lee²,

Ryu³

et al. 2021

NeuroAsia

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Somatosound (somatic tinnitus) is associated with vascular, musculoskeletal, respiratory, or temporomandibular joint disorders. Several studies of its management have been widely reported, but only few presented long-term follow-up results. The purposes of this paper are to review the causes and management, present cases with long-term follow-up, together with previously reported cases in literatures. We treated nine patients with somatosound of vascular, hematologic, endocrinologic, muscular, and cervical origin. Follow-up were conducted routinely, and the final results were collated in 3 to 11 years. Patients with non-life-threatening causes were given counseling and palliative management. Their tinnitus becomes tolerable, gradually decreased, and even disappeared. Patients with life-threatening causes were treated immediately. Among all, there were three cases which to the best of our knowledge, are the first reported of its causes. One case was caused by a compensatory of increasing blood flow in internal carotid artery (ICA) secondary to contralateral ICA stenosis. Another had a combination of anemia and an ipsilateral jugular bulb diverticulum. The tinnitus disappeared after the anemia treated. The last was patient with hyperthyroidism. The tinnitus disappeared by controlling the condition. Even when the causes are benign and the available treatments may carry risks, the patients should not be left unmanaged. Symptomatic treatment should be given, such as counseling, sound therapy, and palliative management. Our long-term observation indicated that overall outcomes are positive when the etiologies are identified early and managed properly.

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Tinnitus Update

Cited by 36 publications

References 83 publications

Correlation Between Chronic Tinnitus Distress and Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review

Correlation Between Chronic Tinnitus Distress and Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review

Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus

Somatosound: A review with report of 9 cases with long-term follow-up

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