TiO 2 /carbon hollow spheres as anode materials for advanced sodium ion batteries

Carbon-coated rutile titanium dioxide derived from titanium-metal organic framework with enhanced sodium storage behavior

“…It is observed that the capacities of discharge and charge have gradually ascended during the early cycling process, and maintain stable values after 20 cycles, indicating that some kind of activation process of the active material is required initially and may enlarge insertion sites for Na ion after the initial sodium ion insertion per unit through the reported ''randomly reorganize'' induction [10]. Moreover, unlike the long and flat plateaus observed in the LIBs discharge curves, it is clearly observed that there is no obvious plateau-like feature in all the discharge/charge curves and all the discharge/charge profiles of CRT present a larger slope during the uptake/release process of sodium ion at a C-rate of 0.5 C, which is similar to the previous reports [70,71]. Note that, the capacities of the active material 7.…”

Synergistic effect of the core-shell structured Sn/SnO2/C ternary anode system with the improved sodium storage performance

“…However, the Na ion is about 1.4 times larger in radius than Li ion, making it more difficult to identify suitable electrode materials for SIBs [11]. Currently, numerous efforts have been devoted to develop new electrode materials to meet the demand for SIBs with superior cycle performance, including titanium-based oxides (TiO 2 hollow spheres [12], TiO 2 nanorods [13], Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 [14], Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 [15], Na 4 Ti 5 O 12 [16]), carbon-based anodes like hard carbon with different disordered structures [17,18]. These materials deliver a reversible capacity of 200e300 mAh g À1 with excellent cycle life, while the capacity couldn't be further improved due to limited host sites for sodium ion [19].…”

One‐Step In Situ Formation of N‐doped Carbon Nanosheet 3D Porous Networks/TiO2 Hybrids with Ultrafast Sodium Storage

“…Recently, different TiO 2 anode materials have been designed, but they confirm rather inferior electrochemical performance, which prevents their applications in electric vehicles or large‐scale energy storage . To resolve these issues, researchers have tried to engineer various TiO 2 nanostructures, including nanorod, nanocube, mesocages, and hollow sphere, to alleviate the essential volume change, and thus to enhance the sodium‐storage performance of TiO 2 ‐based materials. Nevertheless, due to the inherent low electronic conductivity, TiO 2 materials usually confirm relatively poor high‐rate capability and cycling performance as an anode material for SIBs.…”