Tip of the Tongue States Increase Under Evaluative Observation

James, Lori E.; Schmank, Christopher J.; Castro, Nichol; Buchanan, Tony W.

doi:10.1007/s10936-017-9524-9

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A direct investigation of the effects of social stress on TOTs was conducted by James et al (2018). In the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) condition, participants were told that a psychologist with an expertise in non-verbal behavior would be analyzing their body language through a one-way mirror.…”

Section: Social Influences On Totsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TOTs increased from 4 to 6% under social stress. James et al (2018) interpreted this finding as reflecting a stress-induced deficit in the transmission of activation from semantic to phonological nodes (Burke et al, 1991). If this was the case, though, the experimental manipulation would also have hindered retrievability.…”

Section: Social Influences On Totsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although previous studies provided evidence that social factors do influence TOTs (Widner et al, 1996;James et al, 2018;Schmank and James, 2020), they were still based on a single-person recall setting. No published study has yet addressed factors underlying the co-occurrence of TOTs in small groups.…”

Section: Social Influences On Totsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the metacognitive monitoring system indeed tracks clues that the target word will be successfully retrieved, as posited in Schwartz and Metcalfe's (2011) inferential view, then the probability of experiencing a TOT should be shown to markedly increase from the individual to the group recall conditions. Moreover, if group recall selectively increases TOTs without affecting correct recall, as it is the case for other social factors, social pressure (demand characteristics; Widner et al, 1996) and social stress (James et al, 2018;Schmank and James, 2020), then it would add to the accumulating evidence that the TOT phenomenon is dissociable from the retrieval process.…”

Section: Two Distinct Factors Than Can Potentially Induce Tots In Small Groups: Social Contagion and Metacognitive Appraisal Of Group Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socially Shared Feelings of Imminent Recall: More Tip-of-the-Tongue States Are Experienced in Small Groups

Rousseau

Kashur

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states are typically defined as feelings of imminent recall for known, but temporarily inaccessible target words. However, TOTs are not merely instances of retrieval failures. Clues that increase the subjective likelihood of retrieval success, such as cue familiarity and target-related information, also have been shown to elicit feelings of imminent recall, supporting a metacognitive, inferential etiology of the TOT phenomenon. A survey conducted on our university campus provided anecdotal evidence that TOTs are occasionally shared among people in small groups. Although shared TOTs may suggest the influence of social contagion, we hypothesized that metacognitive appraisal of group recall efficiency could be involved. There should be more instances of remembering in several heads than in one. From this, we conjectured that people remembering together entertain the inference that successful retrieval is more likely in group recall than in a single-person recall situation. Such a metacognitive appraisal may drive a stronger feeling of closeness with the target word and of recall imminence, precipitating one (or more people) into a TOT state. We used general knowledge questions to elicit TOTs. We found that participants reported more TOTs when remembering in small groups than participants remembering alone. Critically, the experimental manipulation selectively increased TOTs without affecting correct recall, suggesting that additional TOTs observed in small groups were triggered independently from the retrieval process. Near one third (31%) of the TOTs in small groups were reported by two or more participants for the same items. However, removing common TOTs from the analyses did not change the basic pattern of results, suggesting that social contagion was not the main factor involved in the observed effect. We argue that beyond social contagion, group recall magnifies the inference that target words will be successfully retrieved, prompting the metacognitive monitoring system to launch more near-retrieval success “warning” (TOT) signals than in a single-person recall situation.

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Section: Social Influences On Totsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Influences On Totsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Influences On Totsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two Distinct Factors Than Can Potentially Induce Tots In Small Groups: Social Contagion and Metacognitive Appraisal Of Group Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Socially Shared Feelings of Imminent Recall: More Tip-of-the-Tongue States Are Experienced in Small Groups

Rousseau

Kashur

2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…1 引言  生活中个体常会遇到话在嘴边, 却无法立即表达出来的情形 , 这被称之为舌尖效应 (Tip-of-the-Tongue, TOT) (Brown & McNeill, 1966;Burke, MacKay, Worthley, & Wade, 1991;James, Schmank, Castro, & Buchanan, 2018)。 TOT 发生时, 个体虽然可以提取出目标词的语义或语法信息 (如词性、单复数等)及部分语音信息(如首字母、音节数等), 但无法提取目标词完整的语音信息 (Fieder, Nickels, & Biedermann, 2014;Huijbers et al, 2016;Vigliocco, Vinson, Martin, & Garrett, 1999)。 TOT 发生一段时间后, 目标词包含的所有信息几乎都能被成功提取 , 从而使 TOT 得到解决 (Schwartz, 2002) 将被提取的逼近感 (Imminence) 等 (Calabi, 2016;Schwartz, 2002)。虽然元认知体验在 TOT 发生和解决中均发挥作用, 但具体机制亟待探究。初步证据表明元认知体验能够有效预测 TOT 发生后目标词的成功提取 (Schwartz, Travis, Castro, & Smith, 2000), 表现为有情绪体验的 TOT 在目标词成功提取率上显著高于无情绪体验的 TOT (Schwartz et al, 2000), 高唤醒度的 TOT 显著高于低唤醒度的 TOT (Kuipers, 2013;Schwartz et al, 2000), 伴 (Fieder et al, 2014;Vigliocco et al, 1999)。TOT 条件下目标词成功提取率显著高于不能提取条件 (Schwartz & Smith, 1997;Schwartz et al, 2000)。此外, TOT 的发生率和随后目标词的正确提取率存在显著正相关 (Schwartz, 2002) (Maril, Simons, Weaver, & Schacter, 2005;Maril, Wagner, & Schacter, 2001),…”

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Cognition or metacognition: The psychological mechanism of tip-of-the-tongue in spoken production

Ouyang¹,

Xiao²,

Zhang³

2019

Adv Psychol Sci

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Cognitive-Communication Complaints and Referrals for Speech-Language Pathology Services Following Concussion

O’Brien

Wallace

Kemp

2022

Am J Speech Lang Pathol

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Purpose: Speech-language pathologists are increasingly being recognized as key members of concussion management teams. This study investigates whether self-report of communication problems postconcussion may be useful in identifying clients who could benefit from speech-language pathology services. Method: Participants included 41 adolescents and adults from an outpatient specialty concussion clinic. All completed the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) at admission, and 23 repeated this measure at discharge. Participants were prospectively enrolled, with chart reviews providing demographic, injury, and medical factors. The analysis considered (a) communication complaints and resolution over time, including comparison to two previously published LCQ studies of typical adults and adults with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI); (b) the relationship between communication complaints, participant factors, and common concussion assessments; and (c) factors related to speech-language pathology service referral for rehabilitation. Results: At first visit, 12 of 41 participants (29%) reported communication problems, although 19 (46%) reported difficulty with greater than half of LCQ items. At a group level, compared to published reference data of both people with chronic mixed severity TBI and controls, participants in this study reported more problems at first visit with communication overall, as well as greater difficulty with the LCQ Initiation/Conversation Flow subscale. Partner Sensitivity subscale scores at first visit were also greater than published control data. LCQ subscale scores of Initiation/Conversation Flow and Partner Sensitivity decreased from first visit to last visit, demonstrating resolution over time. Only concussion symptom scales and not demographic, injury, or cognitive screenings were related to LCQ scores. The same two LCQ subscales, Initiation/Conversation Flow and Partner Sensitivity, predicted referral for speech-language pathology services, along with symptom scales and being injured due to motor vehicle crash. Discussion: A subset of people recovering from concussion report experiencing communication problems. Reporting of particular communication problems was related to referral for speech-language pathology rehabilitation services and may be useful in directing care after concussion.

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Tip of the Tongue States Increase Under Evaluative Observation

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Socially Shared Feelings of Imminent Recall: More Tip-of-the-Tongue States Are Experienced in Small Groups

Socially Shared Feelings of Imminent Recall: More Tip-of-the-Tongue States Are Experienced in Small Groups

Cognition or metacognition: The psychological mechanism of tip-of-the-tongue in spoken production

Cognitive-Communication Complaints and Referrals for Speech-Language Pathology Services Following Concussion

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