Tipologías en delincuencia juvenil: una revisión de literatura

Abstract

O comportamento delitivo dos adolescentes pode-se desenvolver com diferentes padrões de trajetória. Por isso, muitos pesquisadores da área têm procurado compreender essas diferenças em termos de tipos e perfis. Considerando que uma dificuldade dentro deste campo é a falta de sistematização dos resultados previamente encontrados, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura, analisando os estudos que procuraram encontrar os diferentes perfis dos adolescentes infratores. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PsycInfo, Web of Science e Scielo, e foram selecionados 56 estudos. Em geral, os estudos procuraram encontrar perfis considerando fatores de risco e proteção, trajetórias delitivas e características psicológicas. A revisão apontou que é necessário clarificar os aspectos que são relevantes em relação a delimitação de perfis e em como esse conhecimento poderia ser aplicado na prática. Palavras-chave: delinquência juvenil; perfis; trajetórias delitivas; taxonomia; revisão de literatura Typology in juvenile delinquency: A literature reviewThe delinquent behavior of adolescents can develop in different trajectories. Many researchers sought to understand differences in terms of types/ profiles. A difficulty in this field is the lack of systematization of the results previously found, this study aimed to carry out a review of the literature, analyzing the studies that sought to find profiles among the juvenile offenders. A search was performed on PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scielo databases and 56 studies were selected. The studies found profiles considering risk/protection factors, criminal trajectories and psychological characteristics. The review pointed out that it is necessary to clarify the aspects that are relevant in relation to the delimitation of profiles and in how this knowledge could be applied in practice.

Direct and indirect childhood victimization and their influence on the development of adolescents antisocial behaviors.

“…Regarding antisocial behaviors, almost half of the sample had engaged in at least one antisocial behavior in the last 12 months. Our findings reflect somewhat lower levels than those reported in previous studies, where the rates of antisocial behaviors in different sociocultural scenarios range from 70% to 95% (Sette Galinari & Rezende Bazon, 2020). Although many young people engage in antisocial behavior at some time in their lives, the most common ones are typically the most self-destructive, such as alcohol consumption (Bartolomé, 2020).…”

“…Thus, it seems logical that the most prevalent behaviors observed in our study are drug-related behaviors. These antisocial behaviors are usually part of the normal maturational process, in which new sensation-seeking is considered normative (Sette Galinari & Rezende Bazon, 2020). During adolescence, neural changes occur that lead to behavioral changes, such as increased sensation seeking or changes in motivation and attention toward their social, romantic, and sexual status, which influences risk-taking and involvement in certain antisocial behaviors (Dahl et al, 2018).…”

Funções neuropsicológicas de meninas privadas de liberdade em unidade socioeducativa

“…A partir desse cenário conceitual, torna-se essencial distinguir os aspectos individuais agrupados a partir da categoria transtorno da personalidade antissocial (Hare, 2011). Que ainda que não se aplique à adolescência, apresenta-se como elementos constitutivos a partir de traços de personalidade que auxilia como característica no entendimento da delinquência, que pode ser simples/ ocasional e/ou persistente, ou seja, como fenômeno composto por muitas influências e que apontam para a relação do individual com o social (Galinari & Bazon, 2020). Características estas que precisam ser compreendidas no recorte de gênero, pois pesquisas tradicionais apresentam dados predominantemente masculinos que ao serem utilizados na compreensão da delinquência feminina, silenciam os elementos particulares às meninas.…”

Criminal Behavior and Psychosocial Risk Factors in Brazilian Adolescent Offenders: An Exploratory Latent Class Analysis

“…In a literature review carried out by Galinari and Bazon [ 22 ] on typology studies in juvenile delinquency, the authors highlight, for example, the recurring identification of a profile related to a pattern of criminal behavior characterized by a high frequency of crimes but of low severity, generally associated with negative social problems—such as poor parenting, low academic performance and criminal socialization—with no marked impairment in personal functioning. They also highlight that, as a rule, a profile related to a more serious pattern of conduct is identified, which involves violent crimes, usually associated with social issues, such as conflicts in the family and at school, as well as certain personal characteristics, such as impulsiveness, anxiety and depression.…”