Tire Road Friction Coefficient Estimation: Review and Research Perspectives

Abstract

Many surveys on vehicle traffic safety have shown that the tire road friction coefficient (TRFC) is correlated with the probability of an accident. The probability of road accidents increases sharply on slippery road surfaces. Therefore, accurate knowledge of TRFC contributes to the optimization of driver maneuvers for further improving the safety of intelligent vehicles. A large number of researchers have employed different tools and proposed different algorithms to obtain TRFC. This work investigates these different methods that have been widely utilized to estimate TRFC. These methods are divided into three main categories: off-board sensors-based, vehicle dynamics-based, and data-driven-based methods. This review provides a comparative analysis of these methods and describes their strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, some future research directions regarding TRFC estimation are presented.

Tire Slip H∞ Control for Optimal Braking Depending on Road Condition

“…These estimations are then used to calculate the longitudinal slip on each wheel and for the model used by the controller. To simplify the algorithm, the TRFC is supposed to be obtained by some estimation method [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] and the optimal tire slip that maximizes the braking force is calculated by means of the Burckhardt friction model. Finally, the controller generates the necessary braking pressure for each wheel in order to minimize the error between the optimal and current longitudinal slip.…”

“… Scheme of the control architecture implemented in Simulink and CarSim [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. …”

“…The main contributions are: The proposed controller is able to make the tire slip follow a given reference based on the TRFC, resulting in a small reference error and good transient response, guaranteeing system stability. Since the estimation of the TRFC is not the focus of this article, it is assumed to be known for making use of any of the most recent literature algorithms [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. The braking forces are maximized depending on road condition.…”

The Analysis of Pneumatic Wheel Rim Deformation While Hitting an Obstacle

“…It often happens that the wheels are one of the first elements transmitting destructive forces-during collisions and road accidents. Many studies on vehicle traffic safety have shown that the tire road friction coefficient (TRFC) is correlated with the accident probability [1][2][3][4]. According to the report on road safety in Poland [5], in 2020 the share of road accidents due to technical reasons was 17.1%.…”

Influence of tire pressure on the vehicle braking distance

“…Establishing the relationship between the mileage and the technical condition of car tires is a significant problem of road safety. Along with the wear of the tires, the so-called drainage volume of the tread, which is directly related to its tread height [1,5,6] and [7,11,20] as in the works [17,19] is reduced. Of particular importance is the effect of various parameters on the vehicle's braking distance.…”