Tissue Constructs with Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Bone Defects in Rats

Abstract

The use of porous scaffolds created by additive manufacturing is considered a viable approach for the regeneration of critical-size bone defects. This paper investigates the xenotransplantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) tissue constructs seeded with differentiated and undifferentiated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) to treat calvarial critical-sized defect in Wistar rats. PCL scaffolds without cells were also considered. In vitro and in vivo biological evaluations were performed to assess the feasibility of these different approaches. In the case of cell seeded scaffolds, it was possible to observe the presence of hADSCs in the rat tissue contributing directly (osteoblasts) and indirectly (stimulation by paracrine factors) to tissue formation, organization and mineralization. The presence of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the rat tissue treated with cell-seeded PCL scaffolds suggests that the paracrine factors of undifferentiated hADSC cells could stimulate BMP-2 production by surrounding cells, leading to osteogenesis. Moreover, BMP-2 acts synergistically with growth factors to induce angiogenesis, leading to higher numbers of blood vessels in the groups containing undifferentiated and differentiated hADSCs.

HSPB7 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells via ERK signaling pathway

“…Human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) are multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have the ability to differentiate into different lineages such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteocytes [ 1 ]. As a type of MSCs, hASCs offer new therapeutic solutions for bone defects and metabolic diseases due to their abundant sources, ease of acquisition, low immunogenicity, and osteogenic differentiation capacity [ 2 , 3 ]. However, the underlying mechanisms by which hASCs undergo osteogenic differentiation are not yet fully elucidated, thereby hindering their potential clinical applications.…”

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: Useful Tools with New Applications

“…Several factors like growth factors (like those in the platelet-rich plasma) or the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) or drugs like simvastatin or RNA products like miRNAs have demonstrated the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis into ASCs and in the host tissues [132–137].…”

Carbon Nanomaterials for Electro-Active Structures: A Review

“…After 120 days of implantation, the applied electrical stimulation allows for high levels of new and more organized bone formation. Further in vivo investigations were conducted based on a male Wistar rats' model [32,116]. Six testing groups were considered: NBR (natural bone regeneration), NBR+ES (natural bone regeneration with electrical stimulation), PCL (PCL scaffolds), PCL+ES (PCL scaffolds with electrical stimulation), PCL/G (PCL composite scaffolds containing 0.78 wt.% of graphene) and PCL/G+ES group (PCL composite scaffolds containing 0.78 wt.% of graphene with electrical stimulation) as shown in Figure 8.…”