Tissue Culture Using Mature Material for the Conservation of Oaks

Brennan, Andrea N.; Pence, Valerie C.; Taylor, Mykel R.; Trader, Brian W.; Westwood, Murphy

doi:10.21273/horttech03801-17

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…New shoots from 18 months old seedling were used as explants in this study. Explants from young seedlings are relatively easy to establish initiation culture, while explants from mature trees are more challenging, as they tend to lose their regeneration potential [21,22]. Further trials are needed if some mature Q. aliena genotype with special traits need to be vegetative propagate for conservation or commercial production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micropropagation from shoot tips or nodal explants is an efficient way to produce uniform quality oak clones with desired traits and is helpful for further improvement through genetic transformation [21]. However, tissue culture of oak species, especially using mature-phase plant material, is still a challenge, often resulting in low growth and survival ratio [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Propagation of Oriental White Oak Quercus aliena Blume

Li¹,

Gu²,

Deng

2019

Forests

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Quercus aliena Blume, also known as the oriental white oak, is a widespread species in temperate forests of East Asia with significant ecological and economical importance. Establishing an efficient vegetative propagation system is important for its germplasm conservation and breeding program. Protocols of micropropagation from shoot tips and nodal segments were investigated in order to produce uniform high-quality seedlings. Nodal segments from 18 month old seedlings were used as explants to initiate the aseptic culture. The highest bud proliferation was achieved by subculturing the explants on 1/2 strength woody plant medium (WPM) with 2.0 mg·L −1 BA. WPM with 0.5 mg·L −1 BA and 0.05 mg·L −1 IBA was the best medium for subculture to obtain the vigorous regenerated shoots in this experiment. Nodal segments without shoot tips had a higher adventitious bud proliferation rate than those with shoot tips. The highest rate (41.5%) of rooting in vitro was induced by using WPM with 1.0 mg·L −1 IBA and 5 g·L −1 activated charcoal. Ex vitro rooting by dipping the proliferated shoots with 500 mg·L −1 IBA solution, then transplanting directly to potting mix with 50% peat and 50% horticultural perlite fostered the highest rooting percentage and survival rate of the plantlets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Propagation of Oriental White Oak Quercus aliena Blume

Li¹,

Gu²,

Deng

2019

Forests

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“…Juvenile and mature tissue material has been used, usually from shoots or buds but also from leaves [14,17]. Mature material tends to be more difficult to establish and grow in culture due to the high contamination rates and the low regeneration potential of their cells [14,37]. This problem requires deep morphogenetical studies to understand why some cells/parts of the tree are more competent than others and what leads the differences in response to diverse oak species [14].…”

Section: Tissue Culture and Preservation By In Vitro Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This problem requires deep morphogenetical studies to understand why some cells/parts of the tree are more competent than others and what leads the differences in response to diverse oak species [14]. In addition, it requires the appropriate balance of minerals (e.g., N and S) and phytohormones, and extra preparation to produce clean cultures with high shoot regeneration response [37]. However, these challenges need to be addressed when dealing with threatened species [37].…”

Section: Tissue Culture and Preservation By In Vitro Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cryobiotechnology of Oaks: An Integration of Approaches for the Long-Term Ex Situ Conservation of Quercus Species

Ballesteros

Pritchard

2020

Forests

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Conventional dry seed storage is unlikely for about one third of all tree species (and nearly half of evergreen rain forest trees) as they probably produce desiccation sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds. Consequently, international ex situ conservation targets for threatened trees will be difficult to achieve without innovation, especially in cryobiotechnology. We assessed progress in the development of various cryobiotechnology approaches for the preservation of oaks (Quercus), which are keystone species of functioning landscapes, important to the bioeconomy and under increasing threats from the spread of pests and diseases under a changing climate. Various tissues of oaks can be used for banking, from pollen grains to embryo axes. Pollen from five oak species have been shown to be highly desiccation tolerant, making dry pollen storage at low temperatures (including in liquid nitrogen) a valuable technology to support conservation and breeding programs. Somatic embryo (SE) technology and/or shoot tip in vitro technology is available for 39 species, and SE cryopreservation is routinely performed on three commercial species and shoot tips cryopreservation successful in two more species. Seed embryonic axes are the preferred explants for oak ex situ conservation, with tissue survival and regeneration of plants after cryopreservation recorded for 14 and seven species respectively; although differential responses between the shoot and root meristems in the axes are known. Dormant bud preservation seems promising, but is under-researched. Overall, these results indicate the possibility of establishing an integrated platform for the ex situ conservation of oak species based on cryobiotechnology. Challenges of explant choice, optimization of methodologies and large-scale application do remain. However, multiple approaches for the cryopreservation of oak genetic resources are available and implementation programmes should not be delayed, particularly in the centres of species diversity.

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“…Contemporary oak tissue culture methods primarily include shoot cultures and somatic embryogenesis . Shoot culture methods have been used to successfully grow taxa of conservation concern (Brennan et al, 2017;Kramer and Pence, 2012) and economically important North American species in the white oak sections (sect. Quercus) and red oak sections (sect.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tissue Culture Clonal Propagation of Hybrid White Oaks for the Urban Environment

Sax¹,

Bassuk²,

Bridgen³

2019

horts

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A tissue culture system was developed to clonally propagate a series of hybrid white oaks (Quercus L.) at the plant breeding program of the Urban Horticulture Institute (UHI), Cornell University. From 2014 through 2018, 34 genotypes and 1966 individual explants of UHI hybrid white oaks were trialed to determine their capacity to establish, multiply, and root in a tissue culture environment. UHI hybrid oak genotypes were selected based on their known tolerance to stresses common in the urban environment (drought, alkaline soils, pests, and diseases) and their ornamental qualities. Individual genotype was the single largest factor affecting successful establishment, multiplication, stabilization, and rooting of hybrid oaks in vitro. Thirteen clones of hybrid oaks were identified as having the capacity to stabilize and grow continuously in the multiplication phase. Multiplication efficiency rates were dependent on individual genotype. Stabilized genotypes showed the capacity to be re-established during successive years. The tissue culture process was simplified and refined to make the protocols less labor intensive for laboratory technicians using these methods. This study presents a preliminary and promising method for the clonal propagation of oak species and provides a path for cultivar development for plants belonging to the genus Quercus.

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Tissue Culture Using Mature Material for the Conservation of Oaks

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

In Vitro Propagation of Oriental White Oak Quercus aliena Blume

In Vitro Propagation of Oriental White Oak Quercus aliena Blume

The Cryobiotechnology of Oaks: An Integration of Approaches for the Long-Term Ex Situ Conservation of Quercus Species

Tissue Culture Clonal Propagation of Hybrid White Oaks for the Urban Environment

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