Tissue Distribution of Astaxanthin Formulation in Rats

Singh, Gurmeet Kaur Surindar; Ismail, Muhammad; Zulkefli, Nurul Aida Ashyqin; Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan Meor Mohd

doi:10.2174/1573401313666170614092146

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…They investigated the correlation between the formulation’s size and AXT’s tissue distribution. Their study reported that nano-sized emulsions improved the distribution of AXT in tissues and enhanced its bioavailability [ 31 ].…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Of Axtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and therapeutic use of astaxanthin in the nanotechnology era

Abdelazim,

Ghit,

Assal

et al. 2023

Pharmacol. Rep

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Astaxanthin (AXT) is a red fat-soluble pigment found naturally in aquatic animals, plants, and various microorganisms and can be manufactured artificially using chemical catalysis. AXT is a xanthophyll carotenoid with a high potential for scavenging free radicals. Several studies have investigated AXT efficacy against diseases such as neurodegenerative, ocular, skin, and cardiovascular hypertension, diabetes, gastrointestinal and liver diseases, and immuno-protective functions. However, its poor solubility, low stability to light and oxygen, and limited bioavailability are major obstacles hindering its wide applications as a therapeutic agent or nutritional supplement. Incorporating AXT with nanocarriers holds great promise in enhancing its physiochemical properties. Nanocarriers are delivery systems with several benefits, including surface modification, bioactivity, and targeted medication delivery and release. Many approaches have been applied to enhance AXT’s medicinal effect, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and polymeric nanospheres. AXT nano-formulations have demonstrated a high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, significantly affecting cancer in different organs. This review summarizes the most recent data on AXT production, characterization, biological activity, and therapeutic usage, focusing on its uses in the nanotechnology era. Graphical abstract

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Section: Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Of Axtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and therapeutic use of astaxanthin in the nanotechnology era

Abdelazim,

Ghit,

Assal

et al. 2023

Pharmacol. Rep

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“…Petri and Lundebye [ 70 ] found that the organ distribution of AST in rats after two weeks of oral application was the highest in the spleen, kidneys, and adrenals, whereas the liver concentration was unexpectedly low. Similarly, Singh et al [ 71 ] revealed that AST has the highest accumulation in the spleen, followed by the kidney, heart, and lung, and was the lowest in the liver. This may indicate that, when AST is formulated into emulsion, the compound will have the least activity in the liver compared to other organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Astaxanthin on Gastrointestinal Diseases

Lee

Kim

2022

IJMS

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A moderate amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced under normal conditions, where they play an important role in cell signaling and are involved in many aspects of the immune response to pathogens. On the other hand, the excessive production of ROS destructs macromolecules, cell membranes, and DNA, and activates pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, which may lead to various pathologic conditions. Gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is constantly exposed to ROS due to the presence of bacteria and other infectious pathogens in food, as well as alcohol consumption, smoking, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Prolonged excessive oxidative stress and inflammation are two major risk factors for GI disorders such as ulcers and cancers. Bioactive food compounds with potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity have been tested in experimental GI disease models to evaluate their therapeutic potential. Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid that is naturally present in algae, yeast, salmon, shrimp, and krill. It has been shown that AST exhibits protective effects against GI diseases via multiple mechanisms. Residing at the surface and inside of cell membranes, AST directly neutralizes ROS and lipid peroxyl radicals, enhances the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, and suppresses pro-inflammatory transcription factors and cytokines. In addition, AST has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis via modulating cell proliferation-related pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy. Considering the potential benefits of AST in GI diseases, this review paper aims to summarize recent advances in AST research, focusing on its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against gastric and intestinal ulcers and cancers.

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“…Pharmacokinetic studies on healthy adult men showed that the bioavailability of astaxanthin administered at 40 mg was around four times higher for lipid-based supplements than that of commercial formulations [116]. Other studies on animal models have shown that astaxanthin administered in different formulations is more distributed in the spleen [117].…”

Section: Dietary Sources and Bioaccessibility/bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Carotenoids’ Efficacy by Using Chitosan-Based Delivery Systems

Verardi,

Sangiorgio,

Lopresto

et al. 2023

Nutraceuticals

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Carotenoids represent a large group of well-known substances, mainly due to their nature as pigments and their beneficial effects on human health. These compounds are found naturally in microorganisms and plants but are not produced by humans, who must consume them through their diet. However, the mere intake of foods containing even large quantities of carotenoids is insufficient to guarantee their optimum absorption and, therefore, the desired beneficial effects. Due to their physicochemical characteristics, carotenoids are poorly stable and mostly insoluble in polar solvents like water. The conservation and improvement of their properties have become crucial objectives for the nutraceutical and functional food sector. Increasingly innovative delivery systems are being tested and developed. In this context, chitosan, a polysaccharide derived from the deacetylation of chitin, available in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects and the cell wall of some fungi and marine microalgae, has proved to be highly advantageous. In this review, we summarize the main characteristics of carotenoids, their benefits on human health, and their bioaccessibility and bioavailability for humans. We analyze the most recent carotenoid delivery systems, focusing on the potential of chitosan in preserving and enhancing the beneficial effects of these valuable pigments.

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Tissue Distribution of Astaxanthin Formulation in Rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Production and therapeutic use of astaxanthin in the nanotechnology era

Production and therapeutic use of astaxanthin in the nanotechnology era

Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Astaxanthin on Gastrointestinal Diseases

Enhancing Carotenoids’ Efficacy by Using Chitosan-Based Delivery Systems

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