“…The impact of cellbased tissue engineering approaches on functional recovery from VML injuries is now commonly studied, and these approaches represent a well-documented way to leverage the existing injured tissue environment to provide the necessary components to accelerate and/or enhance muscle recovery. In fact, current preclinical reports employ multiple cell types, as well as a variety of natural or synthetic scaffolds, with demonstrable success in terms of improved functional recovery of VML injuries [Conconi et al, 2005;De Coppi et al, 2005;Kroehne et al, 2008;Moon du et al, 2008;Ayele et al, 2010;Merritt et al, 2010a;Borselli et al, 2011;Machingal et al, 2011;Page et al, 2011;Rossi et al, 2011;Fuoco et al, Corona et al, 2013aCorona et al, , b, 2014Juhas et al, 2014;Pilia et al, 2014;Madden et al, 2015]. In contrast, more limited functional outcomes generally result from implantation of acellular scaffolds alone [De Coppi et al, 2006;Kin et al, 2007;Merritt et al, 2010b;Turner et al, 2010;Aurora et al, 2015].…”