Tissue structure, and IL‐1β, IL‐8, and TNF‐α secretions after contact by engineered human oral mucosa with dentifrices

Abstract

The use of dentifrice is part of an oral prophylaxis that aims at keeping bacteria in check within the dental plaque. When introduced into the oral cavity, dentifrice also comes in close contact with the oral epithelium. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of dentifrices on tissue structure and pro-inflammatory mediator release by epithelial cells. For this purpose, tri-dimensional engineered human oral mucosa (EHOM) was produced using normal human palatal fibroblasts and epithelial cells. EHOMs were either treated with Aquafresh(R) or Crest(R) for 1, 4, 8, and 24 h, or untreated, then used for cell viability assessment and structural analyses. Cultured supernatants were used to evaluate cytokine (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha) secretion, and metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activities. The present in vitro study using engineered oral mucosa confirms that dentifrices (Aquafresh and Crest) contribute to tissue desquamation. The desquamation was substantial at 24 h of contact but was limited to the upper layers of the treated tissues. Cell death in these tissues was not increased, suggesting that the dentifrice had accelerated desquamation of the layers containing differentiated cells. Measurement of cytokines revealed that dentifrices up-regulated IL-1beta while down-regulating IL-8 and TNF-alpha secretion, thus indicating an impaired cascade of inflammatory responses. These dentifrices may also impair normal repair mechanisms as suggested by an up-regulation of gelatinase activities. In conclusion, this study suggested that, via cytokines, dentifrice contributes to the modulation of the inflammatory (pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory responses) process.

Mucotoxicity of dental composite resins on a tissue-engineered human oral mucosal model

“…11 Schmalz et al studied mucosal irritancy of metals used in dentistry by introducing these materials onto a three-dimensional fibroblast-keratinocyte co-culture on nylon mesh 12 and also a 3D culture of TR146 cells grown on polycarbonate filters. 13 These in vitro models seem promising for mucotoxicity evaluation of dental biomaterials, since they reflect the clinical situation better than do single-layer cell culture test models.…”

Characterization and evaluation of whey protein-based biofilms as substrates for in vitro cell cultures

“…This suggests that the WPI/ DEG biofilm is the most appropriate whey proteinbased biofilm for keratinocyte growth and stratification. It is interesting to underline the very particular behavior of these biofilms being able to allow the keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in two different layers, comparable to keratinocytes cultured on fibroblastpopulated collagen gels [34,35]. In both models, the keratinocytes proliferated horizontally until the entire surface of the substrate was covered, and then differentiated vertically into basal, supra-basal, and corneous layers.…”

In vitrosystems toxicology approach to investigate the effects of repeated cigarette smoke exposure on human buccal and gingival organotypic epithelial tissue cultures

“…buccal or gingival) is seldom despite researchers have shown that the reconstituted organotypic tissues of the oral cavity, e.g. 3D oral mucosal tissues, express differentiated characteristics comparable to the in vivo situation and can be used to study innate immunity and pathobiology of the oral mucosa, including gingivitis, candidiasis, oral cancer and inflammation (Andrian et al, 2004; Ceder et al, 2007; Hansson et al, 2001; Klausner et al, 2007; Mostefaoui et al, 2002; Moyes et al, 2010; Walle et al, 2006; Wang e al., 2001). To our knowledge, this study would be the first to report the effects of CS exposure on oral organotypic tissue models at their air–liquid interface.…”