Titania/Electro-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid as an Efficient Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Allura Red

Abstract

Titania/electro-reduced graphene oxide nanohybrids (TiO2/ErGO) were synthesized by the hydrolysis of titanium sulfate in graphene oxide suspension and in situ electrochemical reduction. It provides a facile and efficient method to obtain nanohybrids with TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) uniformly coated by graphene nanoflakes. TiO2/ErGO nanohybrids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammogram, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in detail. Compared with pure ErGO and TiO2 NPs, TiO2/ErGO nanohybrids greatly enhanced the electrocatalytic activity and voltammetric response of Allura Red. In the concentration range of 0.5–5.0 μM, the anodic peak currents of Allura Red were linearly correlated to their concentrations. However, the linear relationship was changed to the semi-logarithmic relationship at a higher concentration region (5.0–800 μM). The detection limit (LOD) was 0.05 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The superior sensing performances of the proposed sensor can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between TiO2 NPs and ErGO, which provides a favorable microenvironment for the electrochemical oxidation of Allura Red. The proposed TiO2/ErGO/GCE showed good reproducibility and stability both in determination and in storage, and it can accurately detect the concentration of Allura Red in milk drinks, providing an efficient platform for the sensitive determination of Allura Red with high reliability, simplicity, and rapidness.

Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Paracetamol and Allura Red in Pharmaceutical Doses and Food Using a Mo(VI) Oxide‐Carbon Paste Microcomposite

“…Most studies of the detection of PCM and AR using electroanalytical techniques involve the use of carbon electrodes modified with different types of materials, most commonly carbon nanotubes for PCM [7] and graphene for RA [8]. In the case of PCM, other substances are used with carbon nanotubes to make more sensitive sensors; some of these substances are polymers such as poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [9,10] and chitosan [11], and other materials including gold nanoparticles [12], nickel nanoparticles [13], neodymium oxide [14], lanthanum oxide [15] and cationic surfactants [16].…”

Nanozyme Applications: A Glimpse of Insight in Food Safety

“…The method achieved the limit of detections (LODs) with 4.0 and 6.0 nM for ponceau 4R and tartrazine, respectively. Similarly, Li et al reported TiO 2 /ErGO nanohybrids for the electrochemical detection of allura red with enhanced electrocatalytic activity and voltammetric response, and the LOD is 0.05 μM (Li et al, 2020). Besides, CuS with different morphologies was studied and then applied in tartrazine and sunset yellow detection by voltammetric techniques (Li et al, 2019).…”

“…The linear relationship of norfloxacin monitoring was gained in the range of 1.25-8.0 μM with a LOD of 0.2 μM. In addition, He et al constructed a biomimetic nano-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sulfadiazine detection using Au@ SiO 2 nanoparticles labeling as markers (He J. et al, 2020). The method showed good stability with a LOD of 0.2 mg L −1 and recoveries from 78.00 to 90.96% in beef samples.…”

Highly Sensitive Amperometricα-Ketoglutarate Biosensor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide-Gold Nanocomposites

“…Graphene (Gr) has become extremely attractive in many fields since it has superiorities such as good biocompatibility [10], large surface-to-volume ratio, excellent conductivity [11], electron mobility, and flexibility [12]. In the electrochemical biosensing fields, its large surface-to-volume ratio is helpful for increasing the loading amount of the enzyme, and its excellent conductivity is favourable for transferring electrons between the electrode surface and electrolyte [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, the practical applications of Gr are challenged by its irreversible agglomeration or even restack to form graphite due to the Van der Waals interactions in the drying state [20].…”