Titania-Loaded Coal Char as Catalyst in Oxidation of Styrene with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract

Titania-loaded coal char catalyst was successfully prepared. The preparation steps involved pyrolysis of low rank coal at different temperatures and durations, sulfonation, impregnation of titanium(IV) isopropoxide, and then heating at 110 °C. It is found that the coal chars’ surfaces were rough after sulfonation and impregnation, while large pore volume, high surface area and carbon composition were observed at low pyrolysis temperature for short duration. These properties contributed to high selectivity towards benzaldehyde (> 90 %) at 600 °C (0.5–2 h)) in styrene oxidation using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant.

Kinetic of Adsorption Process of Sulfonated Carbon-derived from Eichhornia crassipes in the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution

“…cm -1 that was detected in all of the FTIR spectra, is assigned to the O-H stretching mode of the -COOH and phenolic -OH groups [23]. The amount of -OH groups in the samples decreases when the powder of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) was carbonated and sulfonated.…”

“…The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. A ny loosely-bound acid were removed from the sample by washing with distilled water. The sample was then dried overnight in an oven at 110 °C [23][24][25]. The sulfonated carbon from E. crassipes was labeled as EGS-600.…”

Catalytic Performance of TiO2–Carbon Mesoporous-Derived from Fish Bones in Styrene Oxidation with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide as an Oxidant

“…Catalytic activity of the catalysts was carried by styrene (Merck) oxidation reaction with aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 30%, Merck) as an oxidant. The catalytic reactions were carried out with a similar procedure reported pre-viously [13,14,16]. All reactions were performed with mixing styrene (5 mmol), 30 % aqueous H2O2 (5 mmol), acetonitrile (4.5 mL), and catalyst (50 mg) with stirring for 24 h at room temperature.…”

“…Anatase and rutile were commonly used in the oxidation reaction due to commercial availability, large amounts of reactive oxygen species like hydroxyl (•OH) radicals, hydroperoxy radicals (•OOH) and superoxide (•O2 -) radical anion onto TiO2 surface [1]. However, titania has low product yields if it is used without supported by catalyst support [13,14].…”

Kinetic Study of Styrene Oxidation over Titania Catalyst Supported on Sulfonated Fish Bone-derived Carbon

“…Anatase and rutile are commonly used in the oxidation reaction due to commercial availability, large amounts of reactive oxygen species like hydroxyl (•OH) radicals, hydroperoxy radicals (•OOH) and superoxide (•O2 − ) radical anion onto TiO2 surface [9]. However, styrene oxidation using titania could only give low product yields if it is used without any catalyst supports [10,11].…”