Titanium as an Instant Adhesive for Biological Soft Tissue

Abstract

A variety of polymer‐ and ceramic‐based soft‐tissue adhesives have been developed as alternatives to surgical sutures, yet several disadvantages regarding the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and handling hinder their further application particularly when applied for immobilization of implantable devices. Here, it is reported that a biocompatible and tough metal, titanium (Ti), shows instant and remarkable adhesion properties after acid treatment, demonstrated by ex vivo shear adhesion tests with mouse dermal tissues. Importantly, in vivo experiments demonstrate that the acid‐treated Ti can easily and stably immobilize a device implanted in the mouse subcutaneous tissue. Collectively, the acid‐treated Ti is shown as a solid‐state instant adhesive material for biological soft tissues, which can have diverse applications including immobilization of body‐implantable devices.

Soft and Hard Tissue Integration around Percutaneous Bone-Anchored Titanium Prostheses: Toward Achieving Holistic Biointegration

“…Similarly, laser microgrooved percutaneous devices presented reduced gingival epidermal downgrowth, but no significant reduction in epidermal downgrowth was noted in extraoral percutaneous abutments . Notwithstanding, acid treatment (10–20 min) of Ti increased its surface roughness to Sa = 0.2–0.5 μm that conferred instant adhesive properties to Ti manifested as an increase in shear adhesion strength of 60 kPa, when tested using murine dermal tissues . Along similar lines, aligned titania nanopores (TNPs of 50–75 nm diameter) generated by electrochemical anodization of Ti increased filopodial extensions and stress fibers by gingival fibroblasts (GFs), suggesting stronger, greater cell spreading and adhesion .…”

“…97 Notwithstanding, acid treatment (10−20 min) of Ti increased its surface roughness to Sa = 0.2−0.5 μm that conferred instant adhesive properties to Ti manifested as an increase in shear adhesion strength of 60 kPa, when tested using murine dermal tissues. 114 Along similar lines, aligned titania nanopores (TNPs of 50−75 nm diameter) generated by electrochemical anodization of Ti increased filopodial extensions and stress fibers by gingival fibroblasts (GFs), suggesting stronger, greater cell spreading and adhesion. 113 Similarly, aligned titanium nanotubes (TNTs of 100 nm diameter and length of 800 nm) on anodized Ti promoted laminin-β3 secretion and TGF-β1 by human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), respectively.…”

Solid-state inorganic and metallic adhesives for soft biological tissues

“…Lowercase alphabets indicate the adhesives: (a) commercially available fibrin glue, (b) non-treated CpTi, (c) acid-treated CpTi, and (d) acid-treated CpTi after sandblast pretreatment. ©2020 M. Okada et al Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim [55] . ©2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved [21] .…”

Bridging wounds: tissue adhesives’ essential mechanisms, synthesis and characterization, bioinspired adhesives and future perspectives

“…Furthermore, tissue-stitching adhesives with other properties performed very well, e.g. healing-promotion [ 113 ], fast-adhesion [ 114 ], antifreeze [ 115 ], photo-detachable [ 116 ], conductive [ 117 ], wet-responsive [ 118 ] and 3D-printable [ 119 ].…”