Titanium Corrosion in Peri-Implantitis

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) corrodes clinically in the presence of bacteria. We investigated this phenomenon as a function of Ti particles found in biopsied tissues around peri-implantitis sites and surface roughness of failed Ti implants. Tissue biopsies were surgically collected from peri-implantitis sites, processed, and embedded in resin. The resin-embedded samples were hand trimmed to the region of interest and semi-thick (500 nm) sections were collected onto coverslips. One section was toluidine blue post-stained as a reference. The remainder sections were left unstained for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Processed samples were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX. Corresponding failed implants were also removed and examined under SEM and EDX. Five out of eight biopsied samples demonstrated the presence of Ti particles in the soft tissue, suggesting the true rate among all failures was between 24.5% and 91.5% (the lower bound of a 95% confidence interval for the true rate of Ti presence). SEM analysis of failed implant bodies also indicated changes in surface morphology and appeared less detailed with decreased weight percent of Ti on the surface of the failed implants. In conclusion, Ti particles were noted in 5/8 biopsied samples. Surface morphologies were smoother in failed implants compared with the reference implant.

Ti-Ions and/or Particles in Saliva Potentially Aggravate Dental Implant Corrosion

“…A research area of growing attention is that the presence of corrosive Ti products approximating peri-implant tissues could be a potential risk factor for peri-implantitis. In 2020, Soler et al demonstrated an association between Ti corrosion and peri-implantitis by demonstrating the presence of Ti-particles in soft tissue biopsies collected from diseased implants [ 10 ]. However, whether Ti-particles/ions on the peri-implant tissues contribute to peri-implantitis is still debatable.…”

Update Oberflächenanalysen: steril verpackte Implantate unter der Lupe

“…Die Biokompatibilität von Titan, seine Korrosionsstabilität sowie seine günstigen mechanischen Eigenschaften tragen bis heute zu diesen Erfolgen bei 6 . Aktuelle Studien zeigen aber auch, dass u. a. bei bakterieller Besiedlung pH-Werte erreicht werden können, die den schützenden Titanoxid-Layer auflösen und so Korrosionsprozesse auslösen können 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . Einige Autoren schreiben einer Tribokorrosion, d. h. dem Materialabbauprozess des Titans, der durch die kombinierte Wirkung von Korrosion und Verschleiß zustande kommt, einen möglichen Einfluss auf Periimplantitis und Titan-Unverträglichkeiten zu 12 , 13 .…”

Corrosion performance of Ti-Cu alloys targeted for biomedical applications

“…1,2,3 Corrosion of titanium dental implants is associated with implant failure and is considered as a trigger factor for peri-implantitis, 4 which is an inflammatory disease affecting the surrounding tissues of the implant, predominately the bone. 4,5 It is caused by the adhesion of pathogenic biofilms on the implant surface and peri-implant tissues, resulting in bone loss and destruction of soft tissues. 4 Surgical and non-surgical treatments performed to control peri-implantitis have been ineffective, and avoiding bacteria adhesion with hydrophilic coatings inhibits tissue integration.…”