Titanium deoxidation reactions in liquid iron

Thermodynamics of Titanium and Oxygen Dissolved in Liquid Iron Equilibrated with Titanium Oxides

“…Figure 5 shows the equilibrium relations between Ti and O dissolved in liquid iron at 1 873 K determined in the present study together with previous results. 3,6,8,10,11) The oxygen solubility minimum was about 7.7 mass ppm at 0.625 mass% Ti, and the Ti-O relation was not much affected by whether using a titanium oxide crucible or an Al 2 O 3 crucible with titanium oxide powder at the bottom of the melt in the present study. As shown in the figure, the experimental results obtained by various equilibration techniques are widely dispersed.…”

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Due to experimental difficulties, in spite of its importance, there are large discrepancies in thermodynamic data of the Ti deoxidation equilibria in liquid Fe-Ti-O system at 1 873 K previously reported. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Furthermore, the temperature dependencies of those data are not available.…”

Temperature Dependence of Ti Deoxidation Equilibria of Liquid Iron in Coexistence with ‘Ti3O5’ and Ti2O3

“…Figure 3 shows the equilibrium relation between Ti and O concentrations at 1 823 K and 1 923 K observed in the present work together with other available literature values. 3,6,8,10,11) Substances in the parenthesis shows crucible materials used. There is huge scatter on Ti deoxidation equilibrium relation in the literatures values.…”

“…Furthermore, it is suggested that fine titanium oxides induce high density nucleation sites for the grain refinement technique in oxide metallurgy technology. 1) Due to such importance, a huge number of studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] concerning the Ti and O equilibrium relation have been reported, where the Ti content in liquid iron has been up to 30 mass%. Our previously measured relation 12,13) between the concentration of Ti and O at 1 873 K is reproduced in Fig.…”

Deoxidation Equilibrium of Titanium in the Iron–Nickel Melts

“…2. As is seen, these values rise from iron to nickel, which is seemingly connected with the increase in the bond strength of titanium (g°T i(s)(Fe) ϭ0.0083, g°T i(s)(Ni) ϭ0.00019) The deoxidation ability of titanium in liquid iron was studied by different methods; namely, reaching the equilibrium between iron melt and hydrogen-vapor mixture, 5,[8][9][10]14) melting in the controlled inert atmosphere, 4,[20][21][22][23][24] and using the emf method. [11][12][13]15,17,18) The deoxidation ability of titanium in liquid nickel was studied by reaching the equilibrium between melt and hydrogen-vapor mixture 25,26) and by the emf method.…”