Titanium Matrix Composites

Lütjering, G.; Williams, James C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71398-2_9

Cited by 89 publications

(153 citation statements)

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“…Lamellae are separated by thin β phase regions that are darker than the α phase. Similar coarse colony type lamellar α + β microstructures are commonly observed in the benchmark Ti-6Al-4V alloy after cooling from temperatures above β transus temperature [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Note that in the case of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the β phase appears brighter due to higher concentration of comparatively heavier V while the α phase appears darker due to higher concentration of comparatively lighter Al [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Novel α + β Zr Alloys with Enhanced Strength

et al. 2021

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Low-alloyed zirconium alloys are widely used in nuclear applications due to their low neutron absorption cross-section. These alloys, however, suffer from limited strength. Well-established guidelines for the development of Ti alloys were applied to design new two-phase ternary Zr alloys with improved mechanical properties. Zr-4Sn-4Nb and Zr-8Sn-4Nb alloys have been manufactured by vacuum arc melting, thermo-mechanically processed by annealing, forging, and aging to various microstructural conditions and thoroughly characterized. Detailed Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the microstructural response of the alloys is rather similar to alpha + beta Ti alloys. Duplex microstructure containing primary alpha phase particles surrounded by lamellar alpha + beta microstructure can be achieved by thermal processing. Mechanical properties strongly depend on the previous treatment. Ultimate tensile strength exceeding 700 MPa was achieved exceeding the strength of commercial Zr alloys for nuclear applications by more than 50%. Such an improvement in strength more than compensates for the increased neutron absorption cross-section. This study aims to exploit the potential of alpha + beta Zr alloys for nuclear applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Novel α + β Zr Alloys with Enhanced Strength

et al. 2021

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“…While 80% of Ti-6Al-4V is used in aerospace and medical industries, it is described as the most used titanium alloy forming 50% of the global titanium metal production. 23 Titanium and its variant alloys are one of the most commonly used structural materials in aerospace and medical industries due to high specific strength, hardness and wear resistance. 24 High cutting temperatures, short tool life and poor surface integrity are inherent characteristics that make machining titanium notoriously difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy conscious cryogenic machining of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy

Shokrani

Dhokia

Newman

2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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Manufacturing and in particular machining are responsible for a significant portion of global industrial energy consumption (25%). Previous research has shown that precise selection of cutting parameters can improve the energy consumption of machining processes. Cryogenic machining has attracted significant attention for improving the machinability of difficult-to-machine materials whilst also eliminating the environmental and health issues associated with the use of cutting fluids. Despite the advantages, there is a considerable research gap in cryogenic milling operations. This article investigates the effect of cryogenic cooling using liquid nitrogen in end milling of Ti-6Al-4V. A robust and rigorous methodology was developed and a series of machining experiments were conducted using a combination of cutting parameters repeated at dry, flood and cryogenic cooling environments. The investigations indicated that cryogenic cooling considerably reduces tool wear when compared to dry and flood cooling whilst allowing for using higher cutting speeds. The cutting tool used for cryogenic machining at 200m/min cutting speed, 0.03mm/tooth feed rate and 5mm depth of cut showed minimum flank wear. Furthermore, the investigations demonstrated that using the machine's coolant pump in flood cooling resulted in higher power and energy consumption than dry and cryogenic cooling. This article clearly shows that higher material removal rates are required in order to minimise specific machining energy. Therefore, since cutting speed is limited in dry machining, cryogenic machining is the more favourable as higher cutting speeds can be used. Using cryogenic machining at 200m/min cutting speed resulted in an 88% reduction in energy consumption of the machine tool as compared to flood cooling at 30m/min whilst minimum tool wear (10µm) was detected. This clearly demonstrates the significant capabilities of cryogenic machining when compared with more conventional machining approaches.

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“…Titanium's unique properties, such as high strength to weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and bio compatibility, have made this material a favorable option for many applications in aerospace, implants, and corrosive environments Boyer, 1996;Niinomi, 1998;Donachie, 2000;Pohler, 2000!. However, the high oxygen affinity of titanium limits the affordability of this material due to expensive production processes that require a controlled atmosphere such as vacuum melting to prevent oxidation~Lütjering & Williams, 2003!. It seems, however, that absence of oxidation through the cold gas-dynamic spray~cold spray!…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Cold Spray Titanium Deposits by X-Ray Microscopy and Microtomography

2008

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Cold gas dynamic spray (cold spray) is a rapid deposition technology in which particles deposit at velocities above the speed of sound (approximately 340 ms-1). Generally, porosity forms in cold spray deposits due to insufficient deformation of particles. In this study, the unique capability of the X-ray microscopy and microtomography is utilized to visualize the internal structure of deposited material. The results show that this characterization technique successfully reveals porosities in the cold spray commercial purity (CP) titanium structure. Furthermore, microtomography images confirmed the experimental results for porosity measurements in which helium (compared with nitrogen) as carrier gas significantly decreases porosity in cold spray CP titanium.

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Titanium Matrix Composites

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Novel α + β Zr Alloys with Enhanced Strength

Novel α + β Zr Alloys with Enhanced Strength

Energy conscious cryogenic machining of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy

Characterization of Cold Spray Titanium Deposits by X-Ray Microscopy and Microtomography

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