Titanium phosphates as positive electrode in lithium-ion batteries: composition, phase purity and electrochemical performance

Abstract

Titanium phosphate materials were synthesized by evaporation-induced self assembly method by using Ti(OC4H9)(4) and PCl3, in the presence of Pluronic (P123) as a non-ionic surfactant template. The molar ratios of P/Ti and the heat treatment of the materials affected their structures, particle geometries and electrochemical performances as indicated by X-ray powder diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy and other electrochemical techniques. As expected, increasing the temperature to 800 A degrees C for 3 h resulted in losing the mesoporosity and generally led to a decrease in capacity of these materials. Cyclic voltammetry showed that TiP2O7 is formed at 500 A degrees C for 10 h at a molar ratio P/Ti = 0.412 as amorphous phase. On the other hand, at molar ratio P/Ti = 2.06 showed sharp peaks indicated TiP2O7 transformed into crystalline material showed lower peak separation potential indicated that kinetic reactions might be favored.Xiamen University; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20873115, 90606015]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) [2007CB209702

Tuning Brønsted and Lewis acidity on phosphated titanium dioxides for efficient conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

“…The band at 953 and 1190 cm −1 corresponded to the valence vibration of P–O–P bridge and the asymmetric vibration of P–O, respectively. While the band at 1038 cm −1 is assigned to the stretch of Ti–O–P skeleton similar to this reported by Attia et al 43 who suggested the heat treatment (>500 °C) can transform phosphoric acid in the presence of TiO 2 to titanium pyrophosphate (TPP) or other phosphate derivatives. 43–45 This result confirms the presence of titanium pyrophosphate corroborating the PXRD analysis.…”

“…While the band at 1038 cm −1 is assigned to the stretch of Ti–O–P skeleton similar to this reported by Attia et al 43 who suggested the heat treatment (>500 °C) can transform phosphoric acid in the presence of TiO 2 to titanium pyrophosphate (TPP) or other phosphate derivatives. 43–45 This result confirms the presence of titanium pyrophosphate corroborating the PXRD analysis. 46…”

“…36,40 Several bands assignable to phosphoric acid were found including 2328 cm À1 (P-H vibration band), 1402 cm À1 (stretching vibration of the P] O), 1265 cm À1 (asymmetric stretching vibration of PO 2 À ), 910 cm À1 (stretch vibration of P-OH), and 526 cm À1 (PO 4 3À vibrational band). [41][42][43] The FTIR spectra of phosphate functionalized TiO 2 calcined at 600 C for 6 h are shown in Fig. 2b.…”

Microspherical Titanium-Phosphorus Double Oxide: Hierarchical Structure Development for Sensing Applications

“…Asymmetric stretching vibrations of NH 4 + and C–H groups are observed at wave numbers 3200 cm –1 and 3045 cm –1 , respectively, in the organic complex and obtained sample [ 48 , 49 ]. The band at 1630 cm –1 corresponds to bending vibrations of internal O–H bonds [ 50 , 51 ]. Organic residues of mandelic acid remain embedded in the double oxide microstructure: characteristic bands at 1450 and 1403 cm –1 refer to H–C–O scissor and C–O–C asymmetric stretching vibration, while the peaks at 1185 cm –1 and 944 cm –1 common for all samples are attributed to the C–H bond [ 49 ].…”

Facile fabrication of red phosphorus/TiO2 composites for lithium ion batteries

“…Rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are considered as the most promising power sources for emerging portable electric vehicles and renewable power stations. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Massive efforts have been made to develop advanced electrode materials with high power density, long cycle stability, and practical reliability. [7][8][9][10] TiO 2 is one of the most attractive anode materials because of its high safety and outstanding stability.…”