Titanium wire-based SPE coupled with HPLC for the analysis of PAHs in water samples

Abstract

Titanium wire-based solid phase extraction (SPE) is developed for the analysis of six different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples with coupling with high performance liquid chromatography. The adsorbent is a Ti wire on which TiO(2) nanotubes are first formed by anodization and then Au nanoparticles and n-octadecanethiol are modified. The surface composition and structure of the adsorbent were characterized in detail using field emission scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The main parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as the volume of the organic modifier, extraction time, elution solvent, and desorption time were optimized. Good linearities ranging from 0.025 to 30 μg L(-1) with correlation coefficients (R(2)) ranging from 0.9964 to 0.9999 and low limits of detection were obtained in spiked water samples. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied in the analysis of real river water samples with recoveries in the range of 75.33-115.83% and relative standard deviations ranging from 4.85 to 10.77%. The developed SPE can be a particularly convenient means of sample pretreatment for environmental water samples.

Highly sensitive analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water with porous cellulose/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 composite microspheres as a novel adsorbent coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography

“…Organic modifier spiked in sample solution might enhance extraction efficiency through not only activating sorbent by fully stretching its functional group and favoring sorbent contact with target analytes , but eliminating PAHs irreversible absorption onto glassware surface . However, organic modifier at excessive amount would hamper PAH extraction through increasing PAH solubility in water.…”

TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared by anodization as an adsorbent in micro‐solid‐phase extraction to preconcentrate and determine nitrogen‐containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples

“…For example, with their excellent photocatalytic properties they can be used for pollutants removing, water splitting [12,13], CO 2 transformation [14,15], dye-sensitized solar cells [16,17], sensors [18,19], supercapacitors [20], and so on. On the other hand, its unique nanostructure makes it [21]. Liu et al [22] introduced TiO 2 nanotube arrays into solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and investigated its adsorption selectivity toward different analytes.…”

“…On the other hand, its unique nanostructure makes it an ideal sorbent for SPE. Pan et al fabricated TiO 2 nanotube arrays on Ti wire and then modified them with Au nanoparticles and n ‐octadecanethiol as an SPE sorbent to analyze ultra‐trace level polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples . Liu et al introduced TiO 2 nanotube arrays into solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) and investigated its adsorption selectivity toward different analytes.…”

Determination of phthalate esters from environmental water samples by micro‐solid‐phase extraction using TiO2 nanotube arrays before high‐performance liquid chromatography

“…Pan et al fabricated TiO 2 nanotube arrays on Ti wire and modified with Au nanoparticles and n ‐octadecanethiol, which was used to develop a new method for the determination of PAHs. The results showed that good enrichment was achieved and the detection limits of selected PAHs were in the range of 0.1–3.0 ng/L . Jiang and co‐workers also prepared TiO 2 nanotube arrays on the Ti wire and successfully used it as SPME fiber to extract trace pollutants in environmental samples .…”