TLRs: Linking inflammation and breast cancer

Bhatelia, Khyati; Singh, Kritarth

doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.07.035

Cited by 164 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…While exhibiting BPE requires a patient to have at least some fibroglandular tissue (ie, entirely fatty breasts cannot exhibit BPE), the two assessments are distinct, with recent study findings enabling confirmation that mammographic density does not correlate with BPE levels (26). It is possible that BPE is a marker of physiologically active breast tissue that is more likely to undergo malignant transformation, perhaps specifically identifying areas of increased inflammation that recently have been linked to malignant breast tumorigenesis (27). Additional studies to assess the biologic relationship between BPE and breast cancer development are needed to better explain why it may serve as a biomarker of breast cancer risk.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 69%

Are Qualitative Assessments of Background Parenchymal Enhancement, Amount of Fibroglandular Tissue on MR Images, and Mammographic Density Associated with Breast Cancer Risk?

Dontchos¹,

Rahbar²,

Partridge³

et al. 2015

Radiology

181

171

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Purpose:To investigate whether qualitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging assessments of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT), and mammographic density are associated with risk of developing breast cancer in women who are at high risk. Materials and Methods:In this institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, all screening breast MR images obtained from January 2006 to December 2011 in women aged 18 years or older and at high risk for but without a history of breast cancer were identified. Women in whom breast cancer was diagnosed after index MR imaging comprised the cancer cohort, and one-to-one matching (age and BRCA status) of each woman with breast cancer to a control subject was performed by using MR images obtained in women who did not develop breast cancer with follow-up time maximized. Amount of BPE, BPE pattern (peripheral vs central), amount of FGT at MR imaging, and mammographic density were assessed on index images. Imaging features were compared between cancer and control cohorts by using conditional logistic regression. Results:Twenty-three women at high risk (mean age, 47 years 6 10 [standard deviation]; six women had BRCA mutations) with no history of breast cancer underwent screening breast MR imaging; in these women, a diagnosis of breast cancer (invasive, n = 12; in situ, n = 11) was made during the follow-up interval. Women with mild, moderate, or marked BPE were nine times more likely to receive a diagnosis of breast cancer during the follow-up interval than were those with minimal BPE (P = .007; odds ratio = 9.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 71.0). BPE pattern, MR imaging amount of FGT, and mammographic density were not significantly different between the cohorts (P = .5, P = .5, and P = .4, respectively). Conclusion:Greater BPE was associated with a higher probability of developing breast cancer in women at high risk for cancer and warrants further study.q RSNA, 2015

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 69%

Are Qualitative Assessments of Background Parenchymal Enhancement, Amount of Fibroglandular Tissue on MR Images, and Mammographic Density Associated with Breast Cancer Risk?

Dontchos¹,

Rahbar²,

Partridge³

et al. 2015

Radiology

181

171

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“…There is a link between breast cancer and inflammation [6]. Though TLRs are expressed in macrophage, dendridic cell, and other innate immune cell, it was also found the high expression of TLRs in breast cancer cell [15].…”

Section: Figure 1 Tlrs Familymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…TLRs are mainly expressed in macrophages, dendritic cells and other innate immune cells. They are highly expressed in the breast cancer cells [6].…”

Section: Figure 1 Tlrs Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like Receptor: Breast Cancer Development and Immunotherapy

Manna¹

2016

Arch Can Res

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Breast cancer is well known leading causes of mortality in the females. Current studies have suggested that the imbalances in inflammatory and immune-associated proteins may also give rise to breast cancer and disease progression. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are essential components of innate immune system that protect the host against bacterial and viral infection. It not only express in innate immune cell, its expression also found in breast cancer cells. Activation of TLRs leads to the activation of inflammatory pathways. Recent reports provide such evidences, which suggest the important role of TLRs in breast cancer pathogenesis and recurrence. TLRs are not only involved in cancer development, but also involve in anticancer immunotherapy. There are some agonists and antagonist of TLRs, used in anticancer immunotherapy, is targeted in clinic successfully.

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“…Intriguingly, we and others have found that some TLRs are highly expressed in breast cancer cells [16].…”

Section: Tlr Expression and Function In Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like receptors and breast cancer

Sun¹,

Jiang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Integr Cancer Sci Therap

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key receptors in innate immunity and inflammation and are expressed not only in innate immune cells but also in different cancer cells. Increasing evidences demonstrate that TLRs play an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer and metabolism. Currently we have limited therapeutic options to treat patients with advanced non-resectable, recurrent and metastatic breast cancer. An innate immunity-mediated anticancer immunotherapy, alone or in combination with other therapies, represents a promising novel approach. Indeed, some agonists and antagonists of TLRs have been utilized for anticancer immunotherapy in clinical trials. Thus, TLRs are not only involved in immune responses against pathogen infection but also play an important role in cancer immunity, and represent important targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the recent progress about the role of TLRs in breast cancer development.

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TLRs: Linking inflammation and breast cancer

Cited by 164 publications

References 118 publications

Are Qualitative Assessments of Background Parenchymal Enhancement, Amount of Fibroglandular Tissue on MR Images, and Mammographic Density Associated with Breast Cancer Risk?

Are Qualitative Assessments of Background Parenchymal Enhancement, Amount of Fibroglandular Tissue on MR Images, and Mammographic Density Associated with Breast Cancer Risk?

Toll-like Receptor: Breast Cancer Development and Immunotherapy

Toll-like receptors and breast cancer

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