TM-AFM Threshold Analysis of Macromolecular Orientation: A Study of the Orientation of IgG and IgE on Mica Surfaces

Bergkvist, Magnus; Carlsson, Jan; Karlsson, Torbjörn; Oscarsson, Sven

doi:10.1006/jcis.1998.5630

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…180 kDa molecule with a characteristic Y-shaped structure approximately 15 nm across as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction measurement (Silverton et al, 1977). Previous AFM imaging studies either saw no structure (Bergkvist et al, 1998), a heart-shaped structure (Fritz et al, 1997), or the Y-shape only at cryogenic temperatures (Zhang et al, 1996). In our studies, the Y-shaped structure was easily and reproducibly resolved by CVD MWNT tips at room temperature as shown in Figure 8 (Cheung et al, 2000b).…”

Section: Studies Of Well-characterized Biological Structuressupporting

confidence: 68%

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Structural and functional imaging with carbon nanotube AFM probes

Hafner¹,

Cheung²,

Lieber³

2001

Biology at the Single Molecule Level

123

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has great potential as a tool for structural biology, a field in which there is increasing demand to characterize larger and more complex biomolecular systems. However, the poorly characterized silicon and silicon nitride probe tips currently employed in AFM limit its biological applications. Carbon nanotubes represent ideal AFM tip materials due to their small diameter, high aspect ratio, large Young's modulus, mechanical robustness, well-defined structure, and unique chemical properties. Nanotube probes were first fabricated by manual assembly, but more recent methods based on chemical vapor deposition provide higher resolution probes and are geared towards mass production, including recent developments that enable quantitative preparation of individual single-walled carbon nanotube tips [J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 743]. The high-resolution imaging capabilities of these nanotube AFM probes have been demonstrated on gold nanoparticles and well-characterized biomolecules such as IgG and GroES. Using the nanotube probes, new biological structures have been investigated in the areas of amyloid-beta protein aggregation and chromatin remodeling, and new biotechnologies have been developed such as AFM-based haplotyping. In addition to measuring topography, chemically functionalized AFM probes can measure the spatial arrangement of chemical functional groups in a sample. However, standard silicon and silicon nitride tips, once functionalized, do not yield sufficient resolution to allow combined structural and functional imaging of biomolecules. The unique end-group chemistry of carbon nanotubes, which can be arbitrarily modified by established chemical methods, has been exploited for chemical force microscopy, allowing single-molecule measurements with well-defined functionalized tips.

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Section: Studies Of Well-characterized Biological Structuressupporting

confidence: 68%

“…3 nm (Singh et al, 1996). Several studies of immunoglobulin G (IgG) failed to resolve the characteristic 15 nm Y-shape of this macromolecule (Bergkvist et al, 1998), while others imaged the Y-shape as a heart-like structure (Fritz et al, 1997). However, the Y-shape was apparent at cryogenic temperatures (Zhang et al, 1996).…”

Section: Imaging and The Probe Tipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional imaging with carbon nanotube AFM probes

Hafner¹,

Cheung²,

Lieber³

2001

Biology at the Single Molecule Level

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As discussed above, IgG adsorbed on the hydrophobic surfaces with its Fc part, leaving the flexible Fab fragments oriented toward the bulk solution. At a pH near the pI, the protein carries an almost zero net charge, allowing the Fab domains to get closer to each other, while the net charge at other pH values will cause these domains to repel one other (53,54) (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Fig 5-continuedmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Cosolvents and pH on Protein Adsorption on Polystyrene Latex: A Dynamic Light Scattering Study

Song

Forciniti

2000

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…IgE molecules are present in the normal human serum at extremely low concentration (the mean concentration of the IgE in human serum is 0.12-0.3 g ml −1 ), less than 1 ppm (part per million) of the total immunoglobulins in human serum. However, the concentration of the IgE in the serum of allergic patients has been proved greater than 1.08 g ml −1 [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%