TMDs beyond MoS₂ for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Abstract

Atomically thin sheets of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted interest as high capacity electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their unique properties (high surface area, high strength and modulus, faster ion diffusion, and so on), which arise from their layered morphology and diversified chemistry. Nevertheless, low electronic conductivity, poor cycling stability, large structural changes during metal‐ion insertion/extraction along with high cost of manufacture are challenges that require further research in order for TMDs to find use in commercial batteries and supercapacitors. Here, a systematic review of cutting‐edge research focused on TMD materials beyond the widely studied molybdenum disulfide or MoS2 electrode is reported. Accordingly, a critical overview of the recent progress concerning synthesis methods, physicochemical and electrochemical properties is given. Trends and opportunities that may contribute to state‐of‐the‐art research are also discussed.

Atomic Layer Deposition of Large-Area Polycrystalline Transition Metal Dichalcogenides from 100 °C through Control of Plasma Chemistry

“…Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) boast of unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties as a result of their layered crystal structure. 1 − 3 These properties combined with their stability as individual monolayers have attracted a great deal of interest for applications including electronics, 1 , 3 , 4 catalysis, 3 , 5 energy storage, 3 , 6 and medicine. 3 , 7 The diverse TMDC family contains more than 30 layered materials with composition MX 2 (M = transition metal or Sn; X = S, Se, Te), which range from semiconductors to (semi)metals and even superconductors.…”

Additive Manufacturing of Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems Electrodes

“…[109,110] However, improved electrode systems are required to keep up with increasing energy storage demands, particularly the exponentially bourgeoning consumer electronics market. [111] The advantages of 3D electrodes include their charge structural stability and porosity as well as elevated charge transfer efficiency. [112,113] Electrode materials designed in a cellular/ modular fashion are desirable as they are structurally stable as well as provide large surface area.…”

“…A detailed review of TMDs for EES is available in previous studies. [200] Relevant literature has identified phase engineering strategies due to polymorphism to achieve desired properties in TMDs. For example, although the most stable thermodynamic phase, reported as 2H, of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) is semiconducting, MoS 2 may also present a metallic 1T phase with electronic conductivity that can be up to 10 7 times more conductive than 2H-MoS 2 , meaning attractive for catalytic hydrogen evolution and EES because this metallic phase may effectively decrease charge transfer resistance.…”

Recent progress on hierarchical MoS2 nanostructures for electrochemical energy storage

“…[17][18][19][20][21] Unlike graphene with a zero bandgap, layered TMDs possess a bandgap similar to Si or GaAs, endowing them with nanoscale controllability and scalability. [22][23][24][25] In previous reports, the applications of TMDs included solid lubricants, 26 electrocatalysts, 27 photocatalysts, 28 gas sensors, 29 optoelectronics, 30,31 and rechargeable batteries. [32][33][34] As one important type of TMDs, MoS 2 has demonstrated a high mobility of 200 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and direct bandgap of 1.9 eV in the nanoscale.…”