To Intervene in Darfur, or Not: Re-examining the R2P Debate and Its Impact

Verhoeven, Harry; Oliveira, Ricardo Soares de; Jaganathan, Madhan Mohan

doi:10.1080/13600826.2015.1093464

Cited by 8 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…5 Yet the idea that adopting the ‘right’ sort of news framing can trigger such armed intervention by placing ‘clear legal duties on Western states … to take preventive action’ (Kent, 2006: 8) is doubtful. It is noteworthy that in the case of Darfur the use of ‘genocide’ framing had no such effect, contrary to the expectations of activists who ‘pressured the US government to “call Darfur by its rightful name”: genocide’ (Verhoeven et al, 2016: 25). In 2004, both houses of the US Congress declared that genocide was happening in Darfur, as did then Secretary of State Colin Powell and President George W Bush.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

When frames collide: ‘Ethnic war’ and ‘genocide’

Hammond

2018

Media, War & Conflict

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This article examines the problem of how to interpret competing, clashing or contradictory news frames in coverage of war and conflict, focusing on the reporting of the 1992-95 Bosnian war. 'Ethnic war' and 'genocide' featured as competing news frames in news coverage of Bosnia and several subsequent conflicts, and are often understood to be contradictory in terms of their implied explanations, moral evaluations and policy prescriptions. The article questions the assumptions that many journalists and academics have made about these frames and the relationship between them. It asks how we can make sense of clashing or contradictory scholarly analyses of these competing frames, and considers a number of broader issues for framing analysis: the significance of historical context for understanding the meaning of particular framing devices, the importance of quantification in framing analysis, and the role of influential sources in prompting journalists to adopt particular frames.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

When frames collide: ‘Ethnic war’ and ‘genocide’

Hammond

2018

Media, War & Conflict

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“…O solidarismo se contrapõe ao pluralismo, que defende a ordem como predominante e privilegia a soberania e a não-intervenção em detrimento aos direitos humanos. 2004, 28;Lechner 2010, 437;Verhoeven, de Oliveira, and Jaganathan 2015). Assim, qualquer discussão sobre intervenções internacionais deve definir suas bases norteadoras, dada as motivações que orientam tal ação 5 .…”

Section: Um Breve Olhar Sobre a Evolução Das Intervenções Humanitáriasunclassified

A Política das Intervenções Humanitárias

Valença

Affonso

2018

REGN

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“…This policy ambivalence explains why the US was quick to call Darfur "genocide," but at the same time rule out even the potential of a NATO mission. Making matters worse, the US kept urging the AU to lead in Darfur while simultaneously attacking the quality of African initiatives (Verhoeven et al 2016). In this way, the US could maintain some semblance of its normative image, as related to the protection of innocents, without contributing to a mission that appeared both difficult and unsupported by other robust Western institutions.…”

Section: Standard Explanations Of Non-intervention: Interest In the Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lessons of Rwanda also haunted UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who had been the head of peacekeeping operations at the time of the 1994 genocide and was blamed for the UN's grave failure to act. On the 10 th anniversary of the Rwandan genocide, Annan brought the matter of Darfur before the UN Human Rights Commission, endorsing a broader policy of civilian protection and possible interventionist measures against genocide (Verhoeven et al 2016).…”

Section: Early Warnings Of Genocidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Saving our western neighbors : how regional institutions & conflict perceptions drive humanitarian military interventions

Kushi¹

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Humanitarian military interventions characterized the political atmosphere of the 1990slegitimizing the phenomenon in which third-party actors use force to end intrastate abuses. While calls for humanitarian military intervention remain numerous, the phenomenon itself is laden with grave skepticism given the large "selectivity gap" in mission patterns. While states and institutions appear to enforce the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in reaction to some internal conflicts such as Kosovo, Bosnia, and Libya, they withhold similar policy options in cases of more intense armed conflict, as in Darfur, Syria, and Myanmar. Much of the research focuses on dichotomous explanations -suggesting that either ethical norms or geopolitical strategies guide patterns of such third-party interventions, but I demonstrate that the "selectivity gap" of humanitarian military interventions is primarily driven by variations in regional institutions and conflict perceptions.Such regional dimensions lead to more probable pathways of intervention within the West, founded upon value-based institutional resources as seen within NATO and EU structures. This project contributes to both theoretical and empirical debates within international relations and security studies. It introduces a new dataset that offers the first quantitative and systematic analysis of humanitarian military interventions, including 1,110 observations of intrastate armed conflict between 1987-2016, paired with a range of international responses, nonresponses, and key theoretical variables. In addition, it introduces an Intervention Index that accounts for the intensity of military interventions across different cases of humanitarian crisis.The aggregated models founded upon this data highlight the importance of regional neighborhoods and conflict perceptions in activating third-party responses, leading to three novel pathways of humanitarian intervention. Using original-language NATO, US, EU, and Balkans archival records and leadership dialogues, I then process-trace how conflict perceptions across Western audiences

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To Intervene in Darfur, or Not: Re-examining the R2P Debate and Its Impact

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

When frames collide: ‘Ethnic war’ and ‘genocide’

When frames collide: ‘Ethnic war’ and ‘genocide’

A Política das Intervenções Humanitárias

Saving our western neighbors : how regional institutions & conflict perceptions drive humanitarian military interventions

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