To kill or not to kill: The balance between lytic and lysogenic viral infection is driven by trophic status

Payet, Jérôme P.; Suttle, Curtis A.

doi:10.4319/lo.2013.58.2.0465

Cited by 133 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Stimulation of bacterial activity in the SML by DOC and the dissolved fraction of BC, as reflected by high BP in this study, could have led to high lytic infection and eventually viral production. Across the study stations, both lytic infection and percent lysogeny were negatively related to each other, hence suggesting the existence of an antagonistic relation between these strategies, as previously reported for both freshwater and marine systems (Weinbauer et al, 2003;Payet and Suttle, 2013). Methodological constraints can contribute to the observed variation and estimation of lytic infection and lysogeny in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Bacterial-viral interactions in the sea surface microlayer of a black carbon-dominated tropical coastal ecosystem (Halong Bay, Vietnam)

Ram

Mari

Brune

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Increasing human activity has raised concerns about the impact of deposition of anthropogenic combustion aerosols (i.e., black carbon; BC) on marine processes. The sea surface microlayer (SML) is a key gate for the introduction of atmospheric BC into the ocean; however, relatively little is known of the effects of BC on bacteria-virus interactions, which can strongly influence microbially mediated processes. To study the impact of BC on bacteria-virus interactions, field investigations involving collection from the SML and underlying water were carried out in Halong Bay (Vietnam). Most inorganic nutrient concentrations, as well as dissolved organic carbon, were modestly but significantly higher (p = 0.02-0.05) in the SML than in underlying water. The concentrations of particulate organic carbon (though not chlorophyll a) and of total particulate carbon, which was composed largely of particulate BC (mean = 1.7 ± 6.4 mmol L -1 ), were highly enriched in the SML, and showed high variability among stations. On average, microbial abundances (both bacteria and viruses) and bacterial production were 2-and 5fold higher, respectively, in the SML than in underlying water. Significantly lower bacterial production (p < 0.01) was observed in the particulate fraction (>3 µm) compared to the bulk sample, but our data overall suggest that bacterial production in the SML was stimulated by particulate BC. Higher bacterial production in the SML than in underlying water supported high viral lytic infection rates (from 5.3 to 30.1%) which predominated over percent lysogeny (from undetected to 1.4%). The sorption of dissolved organic carbon by black carbon, accompanied by the high lytic infection rate in the black carbon-enriched SML, may modify microbially mediated processes and shift the net ecosystem metabolism (ratio of production and respiration) to net heterotrophy and CO 2 production in this critical layer between ocean and atmosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Bacterial-viral interactions in the sea surface microlayer of a black carbon-dominated tropical coastal ecosystem (Halong Bay, Vietnam)

Ram

Mari

Brune

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…Viruses of microbes have been linked to central processes across the global oceans, including biogeochemical cycling [9,29,39,43,47,53] and the maintenance and generation of microbial diversity [3, 36,39,47,52]. Virus propagation requires contacting and infecting cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Re-examination of the relationship between marine virus and microbial cell abundances

et al. 2016

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Marine viruses are critical drivers of ocean biogeochemistry and their abundances vary spatiotemporally in the global oceans, with upper estimates exceeding 10 8 per ml. Over many years, a consensus has emerged that virus abundances are typically 10-fold higher than prokaryote abundances. The use of a fixed-ratio suggests that the relationship between virus and prokaryote abundances is both predictable and linear. However, the true explanatory power of a linear relationship and its robustness across diverse ocean environments is unclear. Here, we compile 5671 prokaryote and virus abundance estimates from 25 distinct marine surveys to characterize the relationship between virus and prokaryote abundances. We find that the median virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR) is 10:1 and 16:1 in the near-and sub-surface oceans, respectively. Nonetheless, we observe substantial variation in the VPR and find either no or limited explanatory power using fixed-ratio models. Instead, virus abundances are better described as nonlinear, power-law functions of prokaryote abundances -particularly when considering relationships within distinct marine surveys. Estimated power-laws have scaling exponents that are typically less than 1, signifying that the VPR decreases with prokaryote density, rather than remaining fixed. The emergence of power-law scaling presents a challenge for mechanistic models seeking to understand the ecological causes and consequences of marine virusmicrobe interactions. Such power-law scaling also implies that efforts to average viral effects on microbial mortality and biogeochemical cycles using "representative" abundances or abundanceratios need to be refined if they are to be utilized to make quantitative predictions at regional or global ocean scales.

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“…The degrading populations did not make more than 2 to 5% of the total at maximum; hence, the strong reduction in OTU numbers in the 2,4-D mesocosms relative to the control cannot be merely attributed to higher relative abundance (and hence, more frequent sampling by sequencing) of the responding populations but reflect, at least partly, true difference in OTU diversity. Under such stressful conditions, lysogenic bacteriophages can transition to a lytic phase (55)(56)(57). Moreover, the patterns observed might also be attributed, at least partly, to a "kill the winner" scenario (52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Importance of the Rare Biosphere for Microbial Community Response to Organic Pollutants in a Freshwater Ecosystem

Wang

Hatt

Tsementzi

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A single liter of water contains hundreds, if not thousands, of bacterial and archaeal species, each of which typically makes up a very small fraction of the total microbial community (Ͻ0.1%), the so-called "rare biosphere." How often, and via what mechanisms, e.g., clonal amplification versus horizontal gene transfer, the rare taxa and genes contribute to microbial community response to environmental perturbations represent important unanswered questions toward better understanding the value and modeling of microbial diversity. We tested whether rare species frequently responded to changing environmental conditions by establishing 20-liter planktonic mesocosms with water from Lake Lanier (Georgia, USA) and perturbing them with organic compounds that are rarely detected in the lake, including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and caffeine. The populations of the degraders of these compounds were initially below the detection limit of quantitative PCR (qPCR) or metagenomic sequencing methods, but they increased substantially in abundance after perturbation. Sequencing of several degraders (isolates) and time-series metagenomic data sets revealed distinct cooccurring alleles of degradation genes, frequently carried on transmissible plasmids, especially for the 2,4-D mesocosms, and distinct species dominating the post-enrichment microbial communities from each replicated mesocosm. This diversity of species and genes also underlies distinct degradation profiles among replicated mesocosms. Collectively, these results supported the hypothesis that the rare biosphere can serve as a genetic reservoir, which can be frequently missed by metagenomics but enables community response to changing environmental conditions caused by organic pollutants, and they provided insights into the size of the pool of rare genes and species.IMPORTANCE A single liter of water or gram of soil contains hundreds of lowabundance bacterial and archaeal species, the so called rare biosphere. The value of this astonishing biodiversity for ecosystem functioning remains poorly understood, primarily due to the fact that microbial community analysis frequently focuses on abundant organisms. Using a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent (metagenomics) techniques, we showed that rare taxa and genes commonly contribute to the microbial community response to organic pollutants. Our findings should have implications for future studies that aim to study the role of rare species in environmental processes, including environmental bioremediation efforts of oil spills or other contaminants.

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To kill or not to kill: The balance between lytic and lysogenic viral infection is driven by trophic status

Cited by 133 publications

References 45 publications

Bacterial-viral interactions in the sea surface microlayer of a black carbon-dominated tropical coastal ecosystem (Halong Bay, Vietnam)

Bacterial-viral interactions in the sea surface microlayer of a black carbon-dominated tropical coastal ecosystem (Halong Bay, Vietnam)

Re-examination of the relationship between marine virus and microbial cell abundances

Quantifying the Importance of the Rare Biosphere for Microbial Community Response to Organic Pollutants in a Freshwater Ecosystem

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