“…CRF, endogenous opioids, and orexins). For details on the relevance of these diverse actions of NIC in various brain functions and in the development and maintenance of NIC dependence, (see De Biasi and Salas, 2008;Di Matteo et al, 2007;Touiki et al, 2007Touiki et al, , 2008Seth et al, 2002;Galindo-Charles et al, 2008;Rossi et al, 2005a,b;Grilli et al, 2005;Markou, 2007Markou, , 2008Liechti and Markou, 2008;Kenny et al, 2009;Hahn and Stolerman, 2005;Erhardt et al, 2000;George et al, 2007;Xue and Domino, 2008;Chen et al, 2008b;Merritt et al, 2008;Pasumarthi and Fadel, 2008).…”