Tobacco smoking and risk of hip fracture in men and women

Høidrup, Susanne; Prescott, Eva; Sørensen, Thorkild I A; Gottschau, Adam; Lauritzen, Jes Bruun; Schroll, Marianne; Grønbæk, Morten

doi:10.1093/ije/29.2.253

Cited by 124 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Other contributors, such as smoking cessation, (90) improvement in physical activity, (91) calcium intake and vitamin D status, (25,92) and fall prevention, (68,93,94) could have also influenced, to a limited extent, the hip fracture rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular Trends in Hip Fractures Worldwide: Opposing Trends East Versus West

Ballane

Cauley

Luckey

et al. 2014

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

167

118

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Despite wide variations in hip rates fractures worldwide, reasons for such differences are not clear. Furthermore, secular trends in the age-specific hip fracture rates are changing the world map of this devastating disease, with the highest rise projected to occur in developing countries. The aim of our investigation is to systematically characterize secular trends in hip fractures worldwide, examine new data for various ethnic groups in the United States, evidence for divergent temporal patterns, and investigate potential contributing factors for the observed change in their epidemiology. All studies retrieved through a complex Medline Ovid search between 1966 and 2013 were examined. For each selected study, we calculated the percent annual change in age-standardized hip fracture rates de-novo. Although occurring at different time points, trend breaks in hip fracture incidence occurred in most Western countries and Oceania. After a steep rise in age-adjusted rates in these regions, a decrease became evident sometimes between the mid-seventies and nineties, depending on the country. Conversely, the data is scarce in Asia and South America, with evidence for a continuous rise in hip fracture rates, with the exception of Hong-Kong and Taiwan that seem to follow Western trends. The etiologies of these secular patterns in both the developed and the developing countries have not been fully elucidated, but the impact of urbanization is at least one plausible explanation. Data presented here show close parallels between rising rates of urbanization and hip fractures across disparate geographic locations and cultures. Once the proportion of the urban population stabilized, hip fracture rates also stabilize or begin to decrease perhaps due to the influence of other factors such as birth cohort effects, changes in bone mineral density and BMI, osteoporosis medication use and/or lifestyle interventions such as smoking cessation, improvement in nutritional status and fall prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular Trends in Hip Fractures Worldwide: Opposing Trends East Versus West

Ballane

Cauley

Luckey

et al. 2014

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

167

118

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“…Smoking cessation significantly reduces the risk of hip fracture in men [28] and the proportion of smokers among the elderly is rapidly decreasing in Denmark and other countries. Thus, the Danish National Board of Health report that 21% of 70+-year-olds were smokers in 2006, compared with 28% in 2003, a decline of 25% in only 3 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declining incidence of hip fractures and the extent of use of anti-osteoporotic therapy in Denmark 1997–2006

2009

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“…The observations indicated a reduced risk of hip fracture in men after 5 years following smoking cessation, whereas the deleterious effect of smoking seems long-lasting in female ex-smokers. 44 Results from other comprehensive longitudinal observational studies indicate that smoking cessation is associated with BMD levels between that of never-smokers and current smokers, 45,46 pointing to a beneficial effect of addressing this modifiable risk factor.…”

Section: Smoking and Smoking Cessationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of lifestyle, smoking and other modifiable risk factors for osteoporotic fractures

Abrahamsen¹,

Brask-Lindemann

Rubin

et al. 2014

BoneKEy Reports

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Although many strong risk factors for osteoporosis-such as family history, fracture history and age-are not modifiable, a number of important risk factors are potential targets for intervention. Thus, simple, non-pharmacological intervention in patients at increased risk of osteoporotic fractures could include reduction of excessive alcohol intake, smoking cessation, adequate nutrition, patient education, daily physical activity and a careful review of medications that could increase the risk of falls and fractures. There remains, however, an unmet need for high-quality intervention studies in most of these areas.

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Tobacco smoking and risk of hip fracture in men and women

Cited by 124 publications

References 41 publications

Secular Trends in Hip Fractures Worldwide: Opposing Trends East Versus West

Secular Trends in Hip Fractures Worldwide: Opposing Trends East Versus West

Declining incidence of hip fractures and the extent of use of anti-osteoporotic therapy in Denmark 1997–2006

A review of lifestyle, smoking and other modifiable risk factors for osteoporotic fractures

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