Tobacco smoking as a risk factor for tuberculous pleural effusion: a case-control study

Abstract

This study assessed the tobacco smoking-associated risk for tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) in India. Ninety-two patients with TPE and 184 controls were randomly selected and assessed regarding their tobacco-smoking status and type, quantity and duration of tobacco used. Odds ratios (ORs) for the association of smoking cigarette, beedi and cigarette or beedi with TPE were 19.22 (p < 0.0001), 2.89 (p = 0.0006) and 4.57 (p < 0.0001) respectively. ORs for developing TPE increased with an increase in beedi/cigarette consumption, duration and pack years of smoking (p < 0.001 each). TPE was significantly associated with confounding risk factors viz., regular alcohol use (OR = 1.89, p = 0.019), history of contact with tuberculosis (TB) patient (OR = 8.07, p < 0.0001), past history of TB (OR = 22.31, p < 0.0001), family history of TB (OR = 9.05, p = 0.0002) and underweight (OR = 3.73, p = 0.0009). Smoking (OR = 3.07, p < 0.001), regular alcohol use (OR = 2.10, p = 0.018), history of contact with TB patient (OR = 4.01, p = 0.040), family history of TB (OR = 10.80, p = 0.001) and underweight (OR = 5.04, p < 0.001) were independently associated with TPE. Thus, both cigarette- and beedi-smoking have a significant association with TPE. The risk for TPE in tobacco smokers is dose- and duration-dependent.

cross-sectional observational Study to assess the factors responsible for resolution of tubercular pleural effusion

“…(8.5 percent). Pavit Tewatia et al [9] found that 42.3 percent of cases had cough, which is similar to our findings. According to Z. Wang et al [11], the most typical presentation of TPE is cough.…”

“…[10] According to our survey, the majority of participants (58%) were normal weight, followed by underweight (38%) and only 4% were overweight. Pavit Tewatia et al [9] found that 20.6 percent of the cases were underweight, which is equivalent to the 38 percent seen in this study. Patient presentation The most common complaint among participants (41%) was cough, followed by cough with fever (13%), chest discomfort with shortness of breath (10%), and cough with chest pain (11%).…”

“…This demonstrates a higher level of trust in the public health system in cases of tuberculosis. Pavit Tewatia et al [9] discovered similar results in their investigation. A similar conclusion was found in a study conducted by Bhuniya et al: Thoracentesis in Pleural Effusion.…”

Clinical and laboratory differences and role of gene xpert in tuberculous pleural effusion

“…This study was supported by Tewatia P et al which suggest that smoker and alcohol consumer had an independent association with TPE. 16 In our study Pleural fluid ADA and glucose was higher in lymphocytes predominant and was statistically significant at <0. 001.…”

Identifying Hotspots of People Diagnosed of Tuberculosis with Addiction to Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs through a Geospatial Intelligence Application in Communities from Southern Brazil

“…Among active TB cases, the risk is two times higher for developing the disease and the chance of death is 2.6 times higher. It is also worth mentioning that the chances for development and worsening/death increase significantly with the time of consumption in years, the number of cigarettes used per day, and the socioeconomic level [28,29]. Tobacco use is a more common preventable risk factor for mortality and premature morbidity [30].…”