Tobacco smoking-associated risk for tuberculosis: a case-control study

Gambhir, Harvir Singh; Kaushik, Reshma; Sindhwani, Girish

doi:10.1016/j.inhe.2010.07.001

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The association between tobacco smoking and TB is well described [35,36]. The prevalence reported in this study does not differ significantly from those reported in other studies in Africa [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Risk Factors in Transmission of Tuberculosis Infection in Mombasa, Kenya: An Epidemiological Descriptive Study

Yonge

Otieno

Sharma

et al. 2016

IJTDH

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Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with an estimated 2 million deaths every year. In 2013 the estimated global burden of disease was 9 million cases. Many patients get infected as a result of ignorance of the risk factors that contribute to disease transmission. Aim: This study was aimed to determine the risk factors in pulmonary tuberculosis among patients attending various clinics in Mombasa. Study Design: Hospital and laboratory based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried between May 2012 and May 2013 in Coast Provincial General Referral hospital (CPGH), Tudor, Port-Reitz, Mlaleo, Likoni and Mikandani districts and Sub-districts hospitals. Yonge et al.; IJTDH, 13(4): 1-10, 2016; Article no.IJTDH.23621 2 Methodology: Tuberculosis was diagnosed following standard clinical bacteriological and radiological procedures. Sputa from 500 tuberculosis suspects underwent mycobacteriologic evaluation using Ziel Nelsen smear microscopy, Lowenstein and Jensen and BACTEC MGIT 960 culturing. Consenting participants were screened for HIV infection by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were required to respond to a structured questionnaire on risk factors for transmission. Data collected from group were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05 and for each statistically significant, odds ratios and confidence interval were computed. Results: A Total, 210/500 (42%) of the suspects had mycobacterial disease and 78/210 (37.1%) were HIV co-infected. There were significantly more females than males associated with pulmonary tuberculosis infection (χ 2 =4.26, df=3; p<0.001). Monthly income was significant in disease with 130 (61.9%) of patients earning less than 5000 per month (2.65 (OR=2.65; 95% CI: 1.40-6.23, p<0.041). HIV (OR=2.18; 95% CI: 1.03-4.65, p<0.034), smoking (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 0.13-1.39, p<0.041) and overcrowding (OR=2.71; 95% CI: 1.41-5.62, p<0.051) were also statistically significant risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: Among TB patients in Mombasa Kenya, there was high prevalence of the TB risk factors. Effort should be given in creating awareness of the risk factors associated with TB transmission in order to reduce the rate of infection. Original Research Article

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Risk Factors in Transmission of Tuberculosis Infection in Mombasa, Kenya: An Epidemiological Descriptive Study

Yonge

Otieno

Sharma

et al. 2016

IJTDH

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“…Historically, smoking has been considered to be a major TB risk factor, and this hypothesis has been confirmed by recent studies [8, 9]. Although the mechanism has not been established, smoking may compromise immunity and respiratory cilia function [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Diabetes in the Prognosis and Therapeutic Outcome of Tuberculosis

Suleiman

Aweis

Mohamed

et al. 2012

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Background. Increased susceptibility of diabetic mellitus (DM) patients to infection, including tuberculosis (TB), is well documented. The prevalence of DM in Malaysia is reaching epidemic proportions. In this study, we sought to assess risk factors for TB and the impact of DM on the outcome of TB treatment. Methods. TB patients, diabetic patients, and diabetic patients with TB were divided into three groups of 200 subjects each. Data were obtained from patients' medical files at the beginning and end of the study period. Prevalence rates of DM and HIV among TB patients were assessed. Prognosis, TB-related complications, anatomical site of infection, and duration of infection and diabetes were also examined. Results. The prevalence rates of HIV and DM amongst TB patients were 7.7 and 30%, respectively. The diabetic TB patient group contained more males (72%) and smokers (45.5%) compared to the nondiabetic group (58.3% and 33.5%, resp.). Approximately 74% of diabetic patients were Mycobacterium sputum positive compared to only 51% of nondiabetic patients. Diabetic patients were also more likely to develop pulmonary TB (87%) compared to nondiabetic TB patients (59%). Diabetic TB patients had a higher mortality rate (7.5%) compared to the TB only and DM only groups (1 and 2%, resp.). The duration of TB symptoms was longer in nondiabetic TB patients compared to diabetic TB patients (4.5 versus 2.6 months, resp.). Diabetes antedated TB by a mean time of 4 years. Conclusions. We found a higher number of sputum-smear-positive cases and pulmonary TB cases as well as a greater number of males and higher mortality rate in diabetic patients compared to nondiabetic patients.

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“…Smoking is more prevalent in people with TB compared with people without TB [112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123], with the risk of TB increasing in people who smoke more and who have smoked for more years. Meta-analyses suggest that smoking is an important risk factor for both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB [124][125][126].…”

Section: Smoking Prevalence In Patients With Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statement on smoking cessation in COPD and other pulmonary diseases and in smokers with comorbidities who find it difficult to quit

Jiménez-Ruíz¹,

et al. 2015

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis are common pulmonary diseases that are caused or worsened by tobacco smoking. Growing observational evidence suggests that symptoms and prognosis of these conditions improve upon smoking cessation. Despite increasing numbers of (small) randomised controlled trials suggesting intensive smoking cessation treatments work in people with pulmonary diseases many patients are not given specific advice on the benefits or referred for intensive cessation treatments and, therefore, continue smoking. This is a qualitative review regarding smoking cessation in patients with COPD and other pulmonary disorders, written by a group of European Respiratory Society experts. We describe the epidemiological links between smoking and pulmonary disorders, the evidence for benefits of stopping smoking, how best to assess tobacco dependence and what interventions currently work best to help pulmonary patients quit. Finally, we describe characteristics and management of any "hardcore" smoker who finds it difficult to quit with standard approaches. @ERSpublications Smoking cessation is crucial for respiratory patients: every patient must be given advice and help to quit http://ow.ly/ITgsW

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Tobacco smoking-associated risk for tuberculosis: a case-control study

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Risk Factors in Transmission of Tuberculosis Infection in Mombasa, Kenya: An Epidemiological Descriptive Study

Risk Factors in Transmission of Tuberculosis Infection in Mombasa, Kenya: An Epidemiological Descriptive Study

Role of Diabetes in the Prognosis and Therapeutic Outcome of Tuberculosis

Statement on smoking cessation in COPD and other pulmonary diseases and in smokers with comorbidities who find it difficult to quit

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