Toileting behaviors and overactive bladder in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in China

Abstract

BackgroundOveractive bladder is more prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes than in those without diabetes. Unhealthy toileting behaviors may be associated with the development and worsening of overactive bladder symptoms. However, little is known about the relationships between toileting behaviors and overactive bladder in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to identify unhealthy toileting behaviors that patients with type 2 diabetes adopted to empty their bladders and investigate the relationships between toileting behaviors and overactive bladder.MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes from the endocrinology outpatient department of a hospital in China were recruited. The Toileting Behaviors-Women’s Elimination Behavior and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score questionnaires were used to assess the patients’ toileting behaviors and overactive bladder symptoms. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the relationships between toileting behaviors and overactive bladder.ResultsAlmost 14% of patients with diabetes had overactive bladder. The unhealthiest toileting behavior was premature voiding. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, premature voiding (OR = 1.286, p = 0.016) and straining to void (OR = 1.243, p = 0.026) were associated with overactive bladder. There was a greater likelihood of having overactive bladder when patients engaged in unhealthy toileting behaviors (premature voiding and straining to void).ConclusionsOveractive bladder in patients with type 2 diabetes was more than twofold higher than that in the general population. Thus, overactive bladder is not just an inconsequential condition for patients with diabetes. Unhealthy toileting behaviors, e.g., premature voiding and straining to void, may contribute to the onset or worsening of overactive bladder in patients with diabetes. Identification and awareness of these modifiable behavioral factors during diabetes care is an essential component of primary prevention, alleviation, and management of overactive bladder symptoms.

Relationships among occupational stress, toileting behaviors, and overactive bladder in nurses: A multiple mediator model

“…More than half of female nurses often or always delayed emptying their bladders when they were busy and nearly half often or always waited more than 4 hr to urinate (Xu et al., ). Previous studies have found that unhealthy toileting behaviours were associated with bladder symptoms in female nurses (Wan et al., ), female advanced practice providers (Palmer & Newman, ), employed women at a large academic medical center (Palmer, Willis‐Gray, Zhou, Newman, & Wu, ) and patients with type 2 diabetes (Xu et al., ). Long‐term suppression of the urge to void may result in an enlarged bladder as a result of stretching to hold a larger capacity of urine than usual; this contributes to eventual bladder dysfunction (Fitzgerald, ; Kirkland, Palmer, & Fitzqerald, ).…”

“…A recent study found that unhealthy toileting behaviours such as delayed voiding, straining to void and premature voiding were positively associated with lower urinary tract symptoms among female nurses (Wan et al., ). Another recent study found that premature voiding and straining to void may contribute to the onset or worsening of OAB in patients with type 2 diabetes (Xu et al., ).…”

“…Toileting behaviour is a comprehensive concept that includes voiding place, position, time, and style (Wang & Palmer, 2011). Unhealthy toileting behaviours can precipitate or exacerbate lower urinary tract symptoms including OAB (Palmer & Newman, 2015;Wan, Wu, Xu, Huang, & Wang, 2017;Xu, Cheng, Ma, Zhao, & Wang, 2017).…”

Toileting Behaviors Related to Urination in Women: A Scoping Review

“…The authors located one randomized controlled trial (RCT), one repeated measures study, three methodological studies, three qualitative studies (i.e., semi structured interviews and focus groups), and 17 cross-sectional studies. Seven studies reported using online questionnaires [7,8,9,10,11,12,13], 14 used a field survey or postal delivered questionnaire [2,3,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25], and one study combined both a field survey and online questionnaire to collect information [26]. Three studies used uroflowmetry and sonography to measure multiple uroflowmetric parameters (e.g., maximum flow rate, Qmax and average flow rate, and Qave) and used postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume as one of the outcomes [14,15,21]; see Table S2 for an overview of the studies reviewed.…”

Adaptation of the Toileting Behaviour-Women's Elimination Behaviours Scale into Turkish

“…16 V Ve er ri i T To op pl la am ma a A Ar ra aç çl la ar rı ı: : Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından literatür doğrultusunda geliştirilen tanıtıcı özellikler formu ve 18 maddeden oluşan TD-KBD Ölçeği kullanıldı. 11,18,19 T Ta an nı ıt tı ıc cı ı Ö Öz ze el ll li ik kl le er r B Bi il lg gi i F Fo or rm mu u: : Hemşirelerin yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durumları, meslekte toplam çalışma yılı, haftalık çalışma saati, sigara ve alkol kullanma durumu, gebelik, düşük ve küretaj sayısı, mevcut hastalık, ameliyat deneyimi, cinsel ilişki sıklığı, sürekli kullandığı ilaçlar, idrar kaçırma durumunu sorgulayan 27 soruyu içerdi.…”