Tolerance of Bacteria for Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Soprey, Pandu; Maxcy, R. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb03669.x

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…aeruginosa to quaternary compounds sevenfold from 100 to 700 parts per million after nine transfers in a liquid medium, and ultimately to 2000 parts per million. Increased tolerance of Gram-negative bacteria to these antiseptics has also been reported by Soprey and Maxcy (1968). Organisms resistant to chlorhexidine have been reported by Gillespie et al (1967), Stickler (1974), andMaurer (1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Absence of bacterial resistance to povidone iodine.

Houang¹,

Gilmore²,

Reid³

et al. 1976

J Clin Pathol

103

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Povidone iodine is now being increasingly used in hospitals as an antiseptic. The possible habituation of bacteria to iodine was studied by serial passage of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two strains of Escherichia coli, two strains of Klebsiella aerogenes, and one strain of Serratia marcescens in subinhibitory concentrations. After 20 passages, no significant change was observed in the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and killing times between parent strains and 20th subcultures under standardized conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Absence of bacterial resistance to povidone iodine.

Houang¹,

Gilmore²,

Reid³

et al. 1976

J Clin Pathol

103

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“…Resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds has been reported in a number of Gramnegative species (Chaplin, 1952;MacGregor and Elliker, 1958;Soprey and Maxcy, 1968) and Mac-Gregor and Elliker suggested that in the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance was due to a modification of the cell wall, which obstructed the penetration of the bactericide. Bentley, Davies, Field, and Roberts (1968) reported that a strain of Pseudomonas species able to grow in media contamiing up to 200 ug of chlorhexidine/ml had a lower capacity than normal strains for absorbing the bactericide from the growth medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorhexidine resistance inProteus mirabilis

Stickler

1974

J Clin Pathol

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SYNOPSIS A total of 104 clinical isolates of Pr. mirabilis from three hospitals were screened for their sensitivity to chlorhexidine. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antiseptic for these strains ranged from 10 to 800 ug/ml. Two strains sensitive to 20 ,ug of chlorhexidine/ml were adapted to resistance by growth in subinhibitory concentrations of the antiseptic, their MIC values increasing to 200 and 800 jig/ml. These derived strains exhibited slightly reduced sensitivity to cetrimide and benzalkonium chloride. The chlorhexidine-resistant clinical isolates also exhibited this partially decreased sensitivity to the quaternary ammonium compounds. Both the chlorhexidine-sensitive and -resistant strains were uniformly sensitive to chloroxylenol (Dettol), glutaraldehyde, and 2-phenoxyethanol.

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“…Both Foster et al (1958) and Newton (1958) have reported that quaternary ammonium compounds are more effective against gram positive bacteria than gram negative ones. In addition, Soprey and Maxcy (1968) have demonstrated that Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli can adapt to tolerate quaternary ammonium compounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%