Tolerance of the Chick to Excess Dietary Cadmium as Influenced by Dietary Cysteine and by Experimental Infection with Eimeria Acervulina

Czarnecki, Gail L.; Baker, David H.

doi:10.2527/jas1982.545983x

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The results obtained in the present study confirmed that the toxic range of Cd was connected with the dose and duration of exposure. Similarly, many studies have shown that exposure to Cd resulted in decreased egg production (Leach et al, 1979;Rahman et al, 2007) and ADFI and increased FCR (Czarnecki et al, 1982;Olgun and Bahtiyarca, 2015). However, we found that the diets supplemented with 7.58, 15.56, and 30.55 mg/kg Cd had no effect on these factors, which disagreed with the report by Olgun and Bahtiyarca (2015) suggesting that diet supplemented with 15 mg/kg Cd (12 wk) significantly decreased the EPR and ADFI.…”

Section: Laying Performancecontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…The treatment protocol was as follows: 1) basal diet (control), 2) basal diet + 7.5 mg/kg Cd (provided as CdCl 2 •2.5 H 2 O), 3) basal diet + 15 mg/kg Cd, 4) basal diet + 30 mg/kg Cd, and 5) basal diet + 60 mg/kg Cd. The 30 and 60 mg/kg levels were selected as slightly toxic levels while the lower levels were considered to be representative of the amounts of Cd that would occur in feedstuffs due to environmental contamination (Czarnecki and Baker, 1982;Li et al, 2010) (2015). Briefly, for Cd analysis, 1.5 g of feed sample (12 samples per treatment) was weighed.…”

Section: Birds Diets and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary cadmium chloride impairs shell biomineralization by disrupting the metabolism of the eggshell gland in laying hens

Zhu

Miao

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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In this study, we identified cadmium (Cd) as a potential endocrine disruptor that impairs laying performance, egg quality, and eggshell deposition and induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the eggshell glands of laying hens. A total of 480 38-wk-old laying hens were randomly assigned into 5 groups that were fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with Cd (provided as CdCl2·2.5 H2O) at 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg Cd per kg feed for 9 wk. The results showed that, when compared with the control group, a low dose of dietary Cd (7.5 mg/kg) had positive effects on egg quality by improving albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk color, and shell thickness at the third or ninth week. However, with the increase in the dose and duration of Cd exposure, the laying performance, egg quality, and activities of eggshell gland antioxidant enzymes (catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxide [GSH-Px]), and ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase) deteriorated, and the activity of total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly (P < 0.05). The histopathology and real-time quantitative PCR results showed that Cd induced endometrial epithelial cell proliferation accompanied by upregulation of the mRNA levels of progesterone receptor (PgR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), downregulation of the mRNA levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and interleukin 6 (IL6), and inflammation of the eggshell gland accompanied by significantly increased expression of complement C3 and pro-inﬂammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (P < 0.05). In addition, the ultrastructure of the eggshell showed that dietary supplementation with 7.5 mg/kg Cd increased the palisade layer and total thickness of the shell, but with the increase in dietary Cd supplementation (30 and 60 mg/kg) the thickness of the palisade layer and mammillary layer decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the outer surface of the eggshell became rougher. Correspondingly, the expression of calbindin 1 (CALB1), ovocalyxin-32 (OCX-32), ovocalyxin-36 (OCX-36), osteopontin (SPP1), and ovocledidin-17 (OC-17) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary Cd supplementation. Conclusively, the present study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with Cd negatively affects laying performance, egg quality, and eggshell deposition by disturbing the metabolism of eggshell glands in laying hens but has a positive effect on egg quality at low doses.

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Section: Laying Performancecontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Birds Diets and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary cadmium chloride impairs shell biomineralization by disrupting the metabolism of the eggshell gland in laying hens

Zhu

Miao

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Very few experiments were conducted on hormone secretion in domestic animals. Previous studies in domestic animals have shown that administration of a high dosage of cadmium (above 50 mg/kg) resulted in decrease of feed intake and weight gain during abbreviated exposure periods (Pond et al., 1966; Cousins et al., 1973; Czarnecki and Baker, 1982). With development of more and more industrial processes related to cadmium, risk of cadmium in animal feed should be paid much attention as an increasing of cadmium levels occurs in livestock feed and organs from different regions (Tahvonen and Kumpulainen, 1994; Nicholson et al., 1999; Farmer and Farmer, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cadmium on serum sex hormone levels in pigs

Han

Wang

et al. 2006

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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An inhibition of sex hormone secretion is observed in domestic animals exposed to cadmium in experimental conditions. Ninety-six gilts (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire, initial weight 27.59 kg) were randomly assigned into four different groups with three replications in each group (eight gilts per replication). The groups received the corn-soybean basal diet and supplemented with 0, 0.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg cadmium (as CdCl2) respectively. The feeding trial was ended when body weight of pigs was approximately 90 kg. The results showed that 10.0 mg/kg cadmium significantly decreased average daily gain (p < 0.05) and increased feed/gain ratio (p < 0.05) of pigs. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, oestradiol (E2) and progesterone levels in serum of the pigs fed the diet supplemented with 10.0 mg/kg cadmium were lower significantly than those of the control (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, no changes were found in the levels mentioned above when the pigs fed the diet supplemented with 0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg cadmium (p > 0.05). The changes of regulatory mechanism of the pituitary-ovary axis may be the result of cadmium accumulation in pituitary and ovary and should be investigated further.

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“…In domestic animals, administration of a relatively high dosage of cadmium could decrease feed intake and weight gain and affect fertilizing function (Pond et al, 1966;Cousins et al, 1973;Czarnecki and Baker, 1982;Bafundo et al, 1984;Mohan et al, 1992). In general, these experiments about adverse effect of cadmium have been investigated with relatively high dosage and abbreviated exposure periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Cadmium Levels on Nutrient Digestibility and Retention of Iron, Copper and Zinc in Tissues of Growing Pigs

Han¹,

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2004

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cadmium levels on weight gain, nutrient digestibility and the retention of iron, copper and zinc in tissues of growing pigs. A total of one hundred and ninety-two crossbred pigs (barrows, Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshine, 27.67±1.33 kg of average initial body weight) were randomly allotted to four treatments. Each treatment had three replicates with 16 pigs per pen. The corn-soybean basal diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg cadmium respectively, and the feeding experiment lasted for eight-three days. Cadmium chloride was used as cadmium source. The results showed that pigs fed the diet containing 10.0 mg/kg cadmium had lower ADG and FCR than any other treatments (p<0.05). Apparent digestibility of protein in 10.0 mg/kg cadmium-treated group was lower than that of other groups (p<0.05). There was lower iron retention in some tissues of 5.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg cadmium treatments (p<0.05). However, pigs fed the diet 10.0 mg/kg cadmium had higher copper content in most tissues than that of any other groups (p<0.05). There was a significantly increase of zinc retention in kidney of 10.0 mg/kg cadmium additional group (p<0.05) and zinc concentrations in lymphaden, pancreas and heart of 10.0 mg/kg cadmium treatment were lower than those of the control (p<0.05). This study indicated that relatively high cadmium level (10.0 mg/kg) could decrease pig growth performance and change the retention of iron, copper and zinc in most tissues during extended cadmium exposure period.

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Tolerance of the Chick to Excess Dietary Cadmium as Influenced by Dietary Cysteine and by Experimental Infection with Eimeria Acervulina

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Dietary cadmium chloride impairs shell biomineralization by disrupting the metabolism of the eggshell gland in laying hens

Dietary cadmium chloride impairs shell biomineralization by disrupting the metabolism of the eggshell gland in laying hens

Effects of cadmium on serum sex hormone levels in pigs

Effect of Dietary Cadmium Levels on Nutrient Digestibility and Retention of Iron, Copper and Zinc in Tissues of Growing Pigs

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