Toltrazuril and sulphonamide treatment against naturally Isospora suis infected suckling piglets: Is there an actual profit?

Scala, Antonio; Demontis, Francesca; Varcasia, Antonio; Pipia, Anna Paola; Poglayen, Giovanni; Ferrari, Nicola; Genchi, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.028

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…At the end of the trial, oocyst excretion was seen in the SMP-treated but not the toltrazuril-treated groups, indicating that the effect of toltrazuril was longer lasting. The very good effect of Baycox® on the parasites was described earlier for Eimeria tenella in chicken (Chapman 1989) and experimental (Mundt et al 2007) and field infections (Madsen et al 1994;Martineau et al 1994;Driesen et al 1995;Mundt 2000;Scala et al 2009) with I. suis. This is due to the broad efficacy of toltrazuril which includes all intracellular stages of the parasite except the very late phase of oocyst formation (Haberkorn 1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Currently, the approved drug toltrazuril is used regularly for the metaphylactic control of porcine neonatal isosporosis in Europe. It largely suppresses oocyst excretion and diarrhea with a single metaphylactic application (Mundt et al 2007;Scala et al 2009). For various host species, sulfonamides have also been shown to be effective against coccidia (Svensson and Olofsson 1996;Haberkorn 1996;Chapman et al 1989Chapman et al , 2009Kimbita et al 2009;Redrobe et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For various host species, sulfonamides have also been shown to be effective against coccidia (Svensson and Olofsson 1996;Haberkorn 1996;Chapman et al 1989Chapman et al , 2009Kimbita et al 2009;Redrobe et al 2010). It has also been suggested to treat suckling piglets with sulfonamides, but experimental (Mundt et al 2007) and field studies (Scala et al 2009) have shown that short-term applications of sulfonamides have no appreciable effect on parasitological and health parameters in affected piglets. This lack of efficacy can be explained by their mode of action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of sulfonamides and Baycox® against Isospora suis in experimental infections of suckling piglets

Joachim

Mundt

2011

Parasitol Res

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Sulfonamide treatment of piglets against neonatal coccidiosis has frequently been suggested in the literature. In order to evaluate the efficacy of sulfonamides against experimental Isospora suis infections in suckling piglets (oral infection with 1,500 sporulated oocysts of I. suis per piglet on the fourth day of life), two trials were conducted. In trial I, oral sulfadimidine (group Sulfa-Oral) was applied in doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight (BW) 1 day before infection and 75 mg/kg BW daily for the following 5 days, and sulfamethoxypyrimidine (SMP) was applied parenterally in daily doses of 75 mg/kg BW for the same time period. In trial II, SMP was applied parenterally in doses of 75 mg/kg BW (a) from the day of infection daily for 7 days (SMP-Standard), (b) for 2 days starting on the day of infection (SMP-Early), (c) for 3 days starting 2 days post-infection (d.p.i.; SMP-Middle), (d) for 2 days starting 5 d.p.i. (SMP-Late), and (e) every other day from the day of infection until 6 d.p.i. (SMP-Alternating), as well as (f) orally in doses of 75 mg/kg BW from the day of infection for 7 days (SMP-Oral). The sulfonamide-treated groups were compared to a toltrazuril-treated group (single oral treatment with Baycox® 5% suspension, 20 mg/kg BW 2 d.p.i.) and to a water-treated Control group. Each group consisted of seven to nine piglets. The parameters evaluated were oocyst excretion and fecal consistency/diarrhea from 4 to 15 d.p.i. Sulfa-Oral, SMP-Early, and SMP-Late had no significant effect in reduction of oocyst excretion and diarrhea, whereas treatment for 3-7 days with SMP reduced both parasite shedding and diarrhea significantly. Oral treatment with SMP was comparable to parenteral application. Baycox® in a single application had the most pronounced effect and completely suppressed oocyst excretion and diarrhea during the examination period. It could be shown that repeated application of sulfonamides, provided that the appropriate time period after infection is covered, can in principle be used to control piglet coccidiosis; however, the amount of work required is considerable, and the practicability is poor. Due to the short half-life of sulfonamides in pigs and the lack of predictability of the time point of infection, an efficient application of sulfonamides to control piglet coccidiosis under field conditions appears unlikely. Baycox®, on the other hand, applied once during the prepatent period of infection, had a lasting effect and can be used to most effectively control I. suis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of sulfonamides and Baycox® against Isospora suis in experimental infections of suckling piglets

Joachim

Mundt

2011

Parasitol Res

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“…Although infections are transient with creamy to watery non-haemorrhagic diarrhoea for one to six days, affected animals often develop poorly and stay smaller even until weaning compared to healthy (treated) litter mates [25], which accounts for the financial losses attributed to this disease [17, 33] requiring treatment. In addition, dysbiosis may contribute to increased morbidity (see above) and require antibiotic treatment [7].…”

Section: Background - Vaccines Against Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against parasites – status quo and the way forward

Joachim

2016

Porc Health Manag

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Although vaccination against various pathogens is integral to health management of swine, vaccines against parasites have not yet been commercialized for the use in pigs. The incentive to develop and commercialize anti-parasitic vaccines in swine are twofold; on the one hand parasitic diseases which are economically important, such as ascarosis and neonatal coccidiosis, could be controlled in a sustainable manner; on the other hand, the transmission of zoonotic parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii or Cysticercus cellulosae, could be effectively interrupted. Although experimental research indicates that vaccination against a number of porcine parasites is feasible, development and commercialization of potential vaccines so far has been very slow, as our knowledge on the host-parasite interplay in porcine parasitic infections is still very limited. In the light of growing concerns regarding consumer health and antiparasitic drug resistance, however, it is timely to re-direct R&D efforts to the development of biological control options.

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“…Maturity of mucosa villous at weaning is of special importance in terms of postweaning feeding performance [9, 10]. Damage to the gut can also have a significant impact on the long-term growth and wellbeing of the piglet, causing decreases in weight at weaning of as much as 1 kg [6], even in asymptomatic pigs [11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Isosporiasis Prevention with Toltrazuril on Long-Term Pig Performance

Rypuła

Porowski²,

Kaba³

et al. 2012

The Scientific World Journal

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The efficacy of toltrazuril treatment was assessed in two experiments in Polish swine herds. Experiment 1 included a toltrazuril treatment group, Group A (n = 410), and untreated control, Group B (n = 386). Time to sale in Group A was 108 days versus 120 days for Group B, with average body weights at sale of 114.2 kg and 108.8 kg, respectively (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, the health status and body weight gain of 238 piglets treated with toltrazuril (Group D) were compared to 235 untreated piglets (Group K). A similar difference was observed in average body weights of slaughtered animals, being on average 104 kg in Group D and 101 kg in Group K (P < 0.01). Animals from Group D were slaughtered 5 days earlier than animals from Group K (day 166 versus day 171). Data from clinical trials suggest treatment of coccidiosis with toltrazuril offering potential for improved animal welfare and yields, however this has remained unproven in field conditions in large swine production facilities. The present study confirms the efficacy of toltrazuril treatment when used in the field and the subsequent positive impact on time to weaning, time to market, and on weight gain at all time points.

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Toltrazuril and sulphonamide treatment against naturally Isospora suis infected suckling piglets: Is there an actual profit?

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Efficacy of sulfonamides and Baycox® against Isospora suis in experimental infections of suckling piglets

Efficacy of sulfonamides and Baycox® against Isospora suis in experimental infections of suckling piglets

Vaccination against parasites – status quo and the way forward

Effect of Isosporiasis Prevention with Toltrazuril on Long-Term Pig Performance

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