Tomato can be a latent carrier of ‘<i><scp>C</scp>andidatus </i><scp>L</scp>iberibacter solanacearum’, the causal agent of potato zebra chip disease

Li, X.; Nie, J.; Arsenault, H.; Hammill, Desmond L; Xu, Huimin; Boer, S. H. De

doi:10.1111/epp.12032

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Wild Solanum dulcamara and Lycium species and planted L. barbarum are suggested to be important overwintering hosts for B. cockerelli (Wen et al , ; Murphy et al , ). In addition, psyllid‐infested plantings of tomato (or other hosts) in commercial greenhouses can serve as overwintering hosts (Crosslin et al , ; Li et al , ). Because Ca .…”

Section: Transmission Of Ca Liberibacter Species By Psyllidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology and epidemics of Candidatus Liberibacter species, psyllid‐transmitted plant‐pathogenic bacteria

Haapalainen

2014

Annals of Applied Biology

131

104

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Candidatus Liberibacter species are Gram-negative bacteria that live as phloem-limited obligate parasites in plants, and are associated with several plant diseases. These bacteria are transmitted by insects called psyllids, or jumping plant lice, which feed on plant phloem sap. Citrus huanglongbing (yellow shoot) or citrus greening disease is associated with three different species of Ca. Liberibacter -Ca. L. asiaticus, Ca. L. africanus and Ca. L. americanus -all originally found on different continents. Ca. L. asiaticus is the most severe pathogen, spread by Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri and causing devastating epidemics in several countries. Ca. L. africanus occurs in Africa where it is spread by the African citrus psyllid Trioza erytreae. Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum is associated with diseases in several solanaceous plants, and transmitted by potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli. Zebra chip disease is causing large damage in potato crops in North America. In Europe Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum is associated with diseases of the Apiaceae family of plants, carrot and celery, and transmitted by psyllids Trioza apicalis and Bactericera trigonica. When Ca. Liberibacter is suspected as the disease agent, the diagnosis is confirmed by DNA-based detection methods. Ca. Liberibacter-associated plant diseases can be controlled by using healthy plant propagation material, eradicating symptomatic plants, and by controlling the psyllid populations spreading the disease.

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Section: Transmission Of Ca Liberibacter Species By Psyllidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non‐symptomatic host plants may also harbour Ca . Liberibacter (Levy et al , ; Li et al , ), and these latent infections may later turn symptomatic or serve as inoculum sources for other plants. For example, Wen et al () detected Ca .…”

Section: Disease Diagnosis Epidemics and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and epidemics of Candidatus Liberibacter species, psyllid‐transmitted plant‐pathogenic bacteria

Haapalainen

2014

Annals of Applied Biology

131

104

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“…While CLso haplotypes A and B are both lethal to potato plants, the symptoms of tomato plants infected by CLso haplotypes A and B are significantly different. Tomato plants infected by CLso haplotype B declined fast and died after being infected for 4–8 weeks, while plants infected by CLso haplotype A can maintain viability without apparent symptoms for multiple years ( Li et al, 2013 ). Therefore, it is practically useful to differentiate haplotypes A and B for proper management of the disease appearance in tomato plants, which could become the primary inoculum for the vector potato/tomato psyllid to transmit and spread potato zebra chip disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clasnip: a web-based intraspecies classifier and multi-locus sequence typing for pathogenic microorganisms using fragmented sequences

Chuan

Hammill

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Bioinformatic approaches for the identification of microorganisms have evolved rapidly, but existing methods are time-consuming, complicated or expensive for massive screening of pathogens and their non-pathogenic relatives. Also, bioinformatic classifiers usually lack automatically generated performance statistics for specific databases. To address this problem, we developed Clasnip (www.clasnip.com), an easy-to-use web-based platform for the classification and similarity evaluation of closely related microorganisms at interspecies and intraspecies levels. Clasnip mainly consists of two modules: database building and sample classification. In database building, labeled nucleotide sequences are mapped to a reference sequence, and then single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) statistics are generated. A probability model of SNPs and classification groups is built using Hidden Markov Models and solved using the maximum likelihood method. Database performance is estimated using three replicates of two-fold cross-validation. Sensitivity (recall), specificity (selectivity), precision, accuracy and other metrics are computed for all samples, training sets, and test sets. In sample classification, Clasnip accepts inputs of genes, short fragments, contigs and even whole genomes. It can report classification probability and a multi-locus sequence typing table for SNPs. The classification performance was tested using short sequences of 16S, 16–23S and 50S rRNA regions for 12 haplotypes of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), a regulated plant pathogen associated with severe disease in economically important Apiaceous and Solanaceous crops. The program was able to classify CLso samples with even only 1–2 SNPs available, and achieved 97.2%, 98.8% and 100.0% accuracy based on 16S, 16–23S, and 50S rRNA sequences, respectively. In comparison with all existing 12 haplotypes, we proposed that to be classified as a new haplotype, given samples have at least 2 SNPs in the combined region of 16S rRNA (OA2/Lsc2) and 16–23S IGS (Lp Frag 4–1611F/Lp Frag 4–480R) regions, and 2 SNPs in the 50S rplJ/rplL (CL514F/CL514R) regions. Besides, we have included the databases for differentiating Dickeya spp., Pectobacterium spp. and Clavibacter spp. In addition to bacteria, we also tested Clasnip performance on potato virus Y (PVY). 251 PVY genomes were 100% correctly classified into seven groups (PVYC, PVYN, PVYO, PVYNTN, PVYN:O, Poha, and Chile3). In conclusion, Clasnip is a statistically sound and user-friendly bioinformatic application for microorganism classification at the intraspecies level. Clasnip service is freely available at www.clasnip.com.

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“…Although the relative titres of CLso in these potato samples were low compared to the high titres detected in the infected carrots (Nissinen et al 2014, and this study), the real-time PCR Ct values for CLso were comparable to those previously obtained from symptomatic potato plants infected with the American haplotypes of CLso (Li et al 2009). Previously, symptomless CLso infections have been found by PCR tests in potato plants (Liefting et al 2008;Pitman et al 2011) and in tomato plants (Li et al 2013). A symptomless infection could result from a low inoculum level, or the CLso haplotype C having different interaction with potato than the haplotypes A and B, or the potato cultivars grown in Finland being less susceptible to the disease than the American ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrot Pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotype C Detected in Symptomless Potato Plants in Finland

et al. 2018

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Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (CLso) haplotype C, a bacterial pathogen transmitted by the carrot psyllid Trioza apicalis, causes yield losses in carrot production. Due to concerns that this pathogen might also threaten potato (Solanum tuberosum) production, the occurrence of CLso in cultivated and volunteer potatoes in Tavastia Proper and Satakunta regions of Finland was studied. Volunteer potato plants were found in 13 of the 27 inspected carrot fields. Of the 148 potato samples tested by PCR, eight volunteer potato plants and one cultivated potato grown at the edge of a carrot field were found CLso positive. The PCR products obtained from these potatoes with primers OA2/OI2c, LpFrag4-1611F/LpFrag4-480R and CL514F/CL514R all showed 100% sequence identity to CLso haplotype C. This is the first observation of CLso haplotype C in field-grown potatoes. In addition, transmission experiments were performed. Attempts to transmit CLso into potato with carrot psyllids were not successful; however, CLso haplotype C was transmitted from infected carrots to potato plants by leaf grafting and by phloem connection formed by dodder, a parasitic plant, and found to survive in the potato plants for several weeks after transmission. However, the bacterial colonization progressed slowly in the potato phloem, and the amount of bacteria detected was low. The plants produced from the daughter tubers of the CLso positive potato plants were all CLso negative, suggesting that CLso haplotype C was not able to pass to the daughter plants. None of the CLso positive potatoes inoculated in greenhouse or collected from fields showed symptoms characteristic of zebra chip disease, associated with CLso haplotypes A and B.

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Tomato can be a latent carrier of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the causal agent of potato zebra chip disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Biology and epidemics of Candidatus Liberibacter species, psyllid‐transmitted plant‐pathogenic bacteria

Biology and epidemics of Candidatus Liberibacter species, psyllid‐transmitted plant‐pathogenic bacteria

Clasnip: a web-based intraspecies classifier and multi-locus sequence typing for pathogenic microorganisms using fragmented sequences

Carrot Pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotype C Detected in Symptomless Potato Plants in Finland

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