Tomographic Imaging of Fluid Mixing in Three Dimensions for Single-Feed Semi-Batch Operation of a Stirred Vessel

Stanley, S.J.; Mann, R.; Primrose, Ken

doi:10.1205/026387602321143453

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Among these, ERT is the most attractive method owing to its inherent simplicity, high-speed capability, and rugged construction of the tomographer. ERT is sufficiently robust to cope with most industrial environment, hence it is widely used in various chemical engineering processes, including bubble columns (Wang et al, 2001), solid-liquid filtration (Vlaev et al, 2000), polymerization (Kaminoyama et al, 2005), cyclonic separation , photoreactors (Zhao et al, 2008), and in the mixing processes (Holden et al, 1998;Stanley et al, 2002;Ricard et al, 2005;Stanley, 2006;Stanley and Bolton, 2008;Pakzad et al, 2008aPakzad et al, , 2008b.…”

Section: Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of solid–liquid mixing in agitated tanks through electrical resistance tomography

Hosseini

Patel

Ein‐Mozaffari

et al. 2010

Chemical Engineering Science

139

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Section: Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of solid–liquid mixing in agitated tanks through electrical resistance tomography

Hosseini

Patel

Ein‐Mozaffari

et al. 2010

Chemical Engineering Science

139

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“…The experiments were carried out using a newly refurbished 16-electrode 8-plane ERT system retrofi tted to a fl at-bottomed polypropylene stirred tank of diameter T = 1.43 m (see Stanley et al, 2002).…”

Section: Experimental Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ERT system has a spatial resolution of around 5%, that is, each individual tomogram (image of the vessel cross-section at a particular sensor ring location) consists of a 20 by 20 circular pixel array giving a total of some 316 spatial elements per electrodes plane. Further details have already been provided (Stanley et al, 2002).…”

Section: Experimental Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stirred vessels are notorious for their lack of instrumentation to reveal and quantify composition. However, we have recently shown that ERT can be applied to visualise both an inert tracer as well as an inert mimic of a reagent plume in semi-batch operation (Stanley et al, 2002). Moreover, the presence of gradients in concentration may crucially dictate the reaction pathways, giving rise to changes in chemical yield.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconciling Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) Measurements with a Fluid Mixing Model for Semi-Batch Operation of a Stirred Vessel

et al. 2008

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I n chemicals manufacture, many stirred vessel reactors are operated semi-batch wise. In this mode, one liquid phase reagent is charged initially to the vessel. A second liquid reagent is then added continuously from a feed reservoir, usually with stirring during the addition. Semi-batch operation is used for safety reasons, since there is never an excess of the second reagent and in effect the rate of reaction is controlled by the rate of addition. This is important for highly exothermic reactions, which could otherwise undergo a dangerous thermal run-away reaction. The fl uid mixing in stirred vessels is generally diffi cult to describe and control. This is certainly true for the semi-batch mode. Moreover, because practical reaction rates are usually fast relative to the fl uid mixing rates, concentration gradients will invariably be present. This is usually manifested as a reagent 'plume' evolving from the point of addition, via a partially submerged dip pipe. House, Risley, Warrington, WA3 6AS, U.K. 3. Industrial Tomography Systems, 47 Newton Street, Manchester, M1 1FT, U.K. 3. Industrial Tomography Systems, 47 Newton Street, Manchester, M1 1FT, U.K. Reconciling Electrical Resistance Tomography British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL), HintonAn electrical resistance tomography (ERT) system retrofi tted to a 2.3 m 3 vessel has been used to image the vessel volume for single feed semibatch operation. Images reconstructed from the raw ERT measurements may be represented as time incremented 3-D iso-surface representations of the fl uid mixing. ERT derived mixing curves have been evaluated against a network of zones (NOZ) mixing model, which is able to compute the time evolving concentration fi elds. Like the ERT system, the NOZ model is also able to visualise the evolving feed plume and has the power to predict the corresponding time-wise reaction behaviour in space for a simple A + B → products reaction.On a eu recours à un système de tomographie à résistance électrique (ERT) adapté à un réservoir de 2,3 m 3 pour cartographier le volume du réservoir pour un fonctionnement semi-discontinu à alimentation unique. Les images reconstruites à partir de mesures d'ERT brutes peuvent être représentées sous forme d'une série chronologique d'iso-surface en 3-D du mélange de fl uide. Les courbes de mélange établies par ERT sont évaluées par rapport à un modèle de mélange à réseau de zones (NOZ), qui est capable de calculer l'évolution du champ de concentration dans le temps. À l'instar du système ERT, le modèle NOZ est également capable de visualiser le panache d'alimentation en évolution et de prédire le comportement dans le temps et l'espace d'une réaction simple A+B → produit.Keywords: stirred vessel, fl uid mixing, electrical resistance tomography, ERT, semi-batch Stirred vessels are notorious for their lack of instrumentation to reveal and quantify composition. However, we have recently shown that ERT can be applied to visualise both an inert tracer as well as an inert mimic of a reagent plume in semi-batch operation (Stanley...

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“…More specifically ERT has been used to image gas-liquid hold up (Wang et al, 2000); the distribution of solids in an agitated vessel (Mann et al, 2001); miscible liquid mixing following the addition of a continuous brine tracer (Stanley et al, 2002) as well as the validation and analysis of a fluid mixing model (Stanley et al, 2005a). Previous ERT-based studies of reactive crystallisation have been undertaken (on a larger scale vessel) although only effects due to impeller failure and two different feed rates were investigated (Stanley et al, 2005b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomographic Imaging of Fluid Mixing in Three Dimensions for Single-Feed Semi-Batch Operation of a Stirred Vessel

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Study of solid–liquid mixing in agitated tanks through electrical resistance tomography

Study of solid–liquid mixing in agitated tanks through electrical resistance tomography

Reconciling Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) Measurements with a Fluid Mixing Model for Semi-Batch Operation of a Stirred Vessel

Tomographic imaging during reactive precipitation in a stirred vessel: Mixing with chemical reaction

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