Tonic immobility and skin color in anoles: Effects of serotonin precursors and metabolites

Hennig, Charles W.; Dunlap, William P.; Harston, Craig T.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(79)90260-9

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This supports the negative findings by Hennig et al (1979) with these drugs and this variable in the anole. However, serotonin has been found to increase susceptibiltiy to TI in chickens (Hennig, 1980), and 5-HTP, its precursor, is known to increase susceptibility to TI in anoles (Hennig et al, 1979). This apparent difference between the effects of 5-HT and 5-HTP on susceptibility to TI, as compared to the lack of effect by the metabolites of serotonin, suggests that there are two distinct aspects of TI, susceptibility and duration, each with different control systems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Although the extent of the relationship between TI and general activity is unknown, those situations which can be expected to affect freezing or flight (fear reactions) are also known to facilitate the immobility response . Tonic immobility has even sometimes been compared to sleep (Svorad, 1957) and melatonin has produced sleep in chickens, cats, and humans (Cramer, Rudolph, Consbruch, & Kendel, 1974;Hishikawa, Cramer, & Kuhlo, 1969;Marczynski, Yamaguchi, Ling, & Grodzinska, 1964), while the present study and Hennig et al (1979) have shown that melatonin increases the duration of TI in chickens and anoles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Therefore, since Wallnau and Gallup (1977) have implicated the control of TI with a serotonergic, midbrain-raphe mechanism, melatonin should have an important role in the immobility response as a modulator of serotonin levels and raphe electrical activity. In addition, Hennig, Dunlap, and Harston (1979) found that injections of melatonin increased the duration of tonic immobility in anoles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, Morgan and Rudeen (1976) found an increase in brain 5-HlAA in rats after prolonged immobilization. while Hennig et al (1979) have discovered that injections of 5-HlAA in anoles increase TI duration, but only at high dosages. The present experiment examines the effect of 5-HIAA on tonic immobility in chickens by quantifying the dose and time response characteristics for this compound.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of serotonin metabolites on tonic immobility in chickens (Gallus gallus): Dose and time response curves

et al. 1980

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The effects of melatonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) on tonic immobility in chickens were examined at various dosages and after several different postinjection time periods. Both of these metabolic byproducts of serotonin produced increases in duration of immobility at 10 min postinjection, but melatonin was much more potent than 5-HIAA. In addition, melatonin· produced a decrease in the duration of tonic immobility at 120 min postinjection, while 5-HIAA projuced a decrease at 60 min postinjection, which was followed by another increase in duration of immobility at 120 min. These results are discussed in terms of possible neurotransmitters and a central feedback system between brain levels of serotonin, its metabolites, and duration of tonic immobility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The effects of serotonin metabolites on tonic immobility in chickens (Gallus gallus): Dose and time response curves

et al. 1980

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Left vs. right-hemisphere regulation of aggressive behaviors inAnolis carolinensis: Effects of eye-patching and fluoxetine administration

Deckel

Jevitts

1997

J. Exp. Zool.

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Two experiments examined aggressive responding in Anolis carolinensis. In experiment one, ten adult male anoles had either their left (LEP) or right (REP) eye patched and were then subjected to ten behavioral trials during which a second male was introduced into the cage. Greater numbers of headbobs, or bites, were observed during the LEP condition, while greater numbers of dewlaps and head bobs were observed during the REP condition. In addition, while baseline skin color showed no difference between groups, by the completion of the trials LEP greened, while REP browned. Changes in skin color were correlated with aggressive responding, with a “greening effect” showing high correlation with increased aggression, while browning was associated with decreased responding. In experiment two, 15 unpatched A. carolinensis males served as subjects and were subjected to 19 5 min trials during which an antagonistic male was placed into the cage. In these subjects, a preference for left‐eye aggression was found to develop over the course of the first 6 days of training, while a decrease in use of the right eye simultaneously occurred. Following injection with fluoxetine, a decrease in aggressive responding in both the right and left eyes was found in comparison to the control group. Collectively, these results suggest that the lateralized control of aggression in A. carolinensis is more complicated than suggested by observation of unpatched subjects, although in both conditions the social assertation response (i.e., dewlaps plus headbobbing) is predominantly under the control of the left eye/right hemisphere. J. Exp. Zool. 278:9–21, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Laterality of aggressive responses in Anolis

Deckel¹

1995

J. Exp. Zool.

181

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This experiment examined whether or not aggression in the lizard Anolis (suborder Lacertilia, family Iguanidae) is lateralized. Five pair of adult Anolis were subjected to several 20 min behavioral trials, during which one animal was placed in the cage of the other. Behaviors were captured on video and coded according t o eye preference, motor activity, posture, and color. Analysis of the data found that the most aggressive behaviors, including biting, threatened biting, and aggressive movements, were done under the guidance of the left eye. Both left and right eyes were used with equal frequency during non-aggressive movements. Most of these aggressive episodes were done while the animals were "lightly" colored, Because of a n almost complete crossingover of the optic tract in Anolis, along with the absence of a corpus callosum, it is likely that most,if not all, of the information in the left eye was processed by the right hemisphere. These results suggest that the lizard Anolis, like humans, rats, and chicks, may mediate aggressive responses predominantly through right-hemispheric brain mechanisms, o 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Tonic immobility and skin color in anoles: Effects of serotonin precursors and metabolites

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

The effects of serotonin metabolites on tonic immobility in chickens (Gallus gallus): Dose and time response curves

The effects of serotonin metabolites on tonic immobility in chickens (Gallus gallus): Dose and time response curves

Left vs. right-hemisphere regulation of aggressive behaviors inAnolis carolinensis: Effects of eye-patching and fluoxetine administration

Laterality of aggressive responses in Anolis

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