Tonsteins of Hat Creek, British Columbia: A preliminary study

Metalliferous coal deposits in East Asia (Primorye of Russia and South China): A review of geodynamic controls and styles of mineralization

“…Some tonsteins, typically of alkali origin, may contain valuable trace elements that could be potentially utilized, or may serve as indicators in exploration for alkali ore deposits (Zhou et al, 2000;Spears, 2012;Dai et al, 2014a). In many cases, the tonsteins contain primary sanidine and/or zircon of magmatic origin that could be used for radiometric age determination, providing absolute ages for chrono-stratigraphic correlation within the globally accepted geologic timescale (Bohor and Triplehorn, 1993;Burger and Damberger, 1985;Hill, 1988;Knight et al, 2000;Kunk and Rice, 1994;Hess et al, 1999;Lyons et al, 1992Lyons et al, , 2006Guerra-Sommer et al, 2008;Maksimov and Sakhno, 2011); tonsteins may be incorporated with mined coal products and, if not removed when the mined coal is beneficiated (e.g., mineral-rich particles in the crushed coal are removed by density separation in an associated preparation plant), may also become part of the coal product when it is used (Ward, 2002).…”

Phosphorus minerals in tonstein; coal seam 405 at Sośnica-Makoszowy coal mine, Upper Silesia, southern Poland

“…Their presence has been demonstrated in a coal seam in the southern Sydney Basin of New South Wales (Loughnan and Ward 1970) and in the Grootegeluk Formation in the Waterberg Coalfield (South Africa) (Faure et al 1996). The occurrence of minerals from the goyzite group has been mentioned also in some tonsteins from coal beds in Europe, South Africa, USA and Canada (Wilson et al 1966;Triplehorn and Bohor 1986;Spears et al 1988;Hill 1988).…”

Petrographic controls on phosphorous distribution in coal seams of the Jharia basin, India

“…Phosphorous content entering the hot metal can be estimated as it is all retained in the coke (Mahony et al 1981) and therefore it is possible to calculate the phosphorous content in the coke by an estimate of coke yield in the samples. Significant works on the phosphorous content of coals have been carried out by many workers, viz., Gluskoter et al (1977), Zhou et al (1982), Kilby (1986), Hill (1988), Burchill et al (1990), Goodarzi et al (1990), Bohor and Triplehorn (1993), Raza et al (1995), Ryan and Boehner (1995), Ward et al (1996), Ward (2016), Seredin (1996), Walsh (1997, 1999), Hower et al (1999), Burger et al (2000Burger et al ( , 2002, Willett et al (2000), Mardon and Hower (2004), Dai et al (2012a), Moore and Esmaeili (2012), Seredin and Dai (2012), Spears (2012) and Dai et al (2015a). Apatite is the most common phosphorous-bearing minerals found in coal (Ward et al 1996;Ward 2002;Querol et al 1997;Reifenstein et al 1999;Wang 2009;Hackley et al 2005;Kalkreuth et al 2006;Dawson et al 2012;Hower et al 2012).…”