Too early to dismiss <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> infection in the aetiology of Graves’ disease: evidence from a twin case–control study

Brix, Thomas Heiberg; Hansen, Pia Skov; Wenzel, B. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03227.x

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In a classical case–control study, Brix et al . reported that the prevalence of YOP IgG‐antibody and YOP IgA‐antibody in Graves' disease was higher than in controls (51% versus 35% and 49 versus 34%, respectively) [12]. Similar results were found in twin pairs discordant for Graves' disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The higher rate of persistent YE infection in AITD relatives might be due to susceptibility genes for AITD contributing to the risk for YE infection. The Danish twin study indicated that the genetic contribution in the association with YE is modest, and that it is more likely that environmental exposures to confer to the reported association between and YE and AITD [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, reported studies in the literature on the frequency of YE infection in AITD have shown conflicting results [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. They are all cross-sectional in nature, examining patients who had already developed Graves' hyperthyroidism or Hashimoto's hypothyroidism and who had been treated for months or years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No causal relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica infection and autoimmune thyroid disease: evidence from a prospective study

Effraimidis¹,

Tijssen

Strieder³

et al. 2011

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively the relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) infection and the development of overt autoimmune hypo-or hyperthyroidism (study A) and the de novo occurrence of thyroid antibodies (study B). This was a prospective cohort study of 790 euthyroid women who were first-or second-degree relatives of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

No causal relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica infection and autoimmune thyroid disease: evidence from a prospective study

Effraimidis¹,

Tijssen

Strieder³

et al. 2011

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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show abstract

“…Despite this, the findings regarding Y. enterocolitica and AITD are still open for interpretation. Using twin pairs discordant for GD, we have recently shown significant within twin pair associations between GD and Y. enterocolitica infection 40 supporting the potential role of Y. enterocolitica infection in the aetiology of GD, or vice versa (Table 2). By contrast, using the exact same methodology in a cohort of 147 twin pairs, we could not link the presence of TPOAb or TGAb in euthyroid subjects with Y. enterocolitica infection 39 .…”

Section: Impact Of Environmental Triggers In Autoimmune Thyroid Diseasementioning

confidence: 63%

Twin studies as a model for exploring the aetiology of autoimmune thyroid disease

Brix

Hegedűs

2012

Clinical Endocrinology

Self Cite

168

108

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SummaryTwins are an important resource for evaluating the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors in determining a phenotype. During the last decades, a number of twin studies have investigated the aetiology of several phenotypes related to thyroid autoimmunity. Taken together, these studies have provided valid and unbiased information regarding the influence of genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The comparison of concordance rates between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic twins provides irrefutable evidence of a genetic component, and biometric twin modelling shows that approximately 75% of the total phenotypic variance in AITD is because of genetic effects. On the other hand, the lack of complete concordance in MZ twin pairs is proof of environmental and/or epigenetic factors also playing an important role. The impact of environmental triggers such as cigarette smoking, birth characteristics, infection with Yersinia enterocolitica, microchimerism and degree of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) has been evaluated by investigating AITD discordant twin pairs. These studies indicate that smoking, Y. enterocolitica infection and skewed XCI may be causally associated with clinically overt AITD, but not with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies in euthyroid subjects. Microchimerism, but not birth weight, might play a role in AITD. Twin studies offer several features that uniquely enhance our ability to localize genes and understand their function. Future twin studies should incorporate information on genetic, epigenetic and environmental variation thereby enhancing our ability to quantify the precise effect of specific risk factors.

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“…Moreover, several infectious agents have been implicated including Yersinia enterocolitica [22, 23], Coxsackie B virus [24], retroviruses [25, 26], and Helicobacter pylori [27]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Children

Cappa

Bizzarri

Crea

2011

Journal of Thyroid Research

111

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The two major autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) include Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AT); both of which are characterized by infiltration of the thyroid by T and B cells reactive to thyroid antigens, by the production of thyroid autoantibodies and by abnormal thyroid function (hyperthyroidism in GD and hypothyroidism in AT). While the exact etiology of thyroid autoimmunity is not known, it is believed to develop when a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental encounters leads to breakdown of tolerance. It is important to recognize thyroid dysfunction at an early stage by maintaining an appropriate index of suspicion.

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Too early to dismiss Yersinia enterocolitica infection in the aetiology of Graves’ disease: evidence from a twin case–control study

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

No causal relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica infection and autoimmune thyroid disease: evidence from a prospective study

No causal relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica infection and autoimmune thyroid disease: evidence from a prospective study

Twin studies as a model for exploring the aetiology of autoimmune thyroid disease

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Children

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