Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Phenothiazine Dyes in Photodynamic Therapy

Figueiredo, Rômulo Aguiar; Anami, Lilian Costa; Mello, Isabel; Carvalho, Erica dos Santos; Habitante, Sandra Márcia; Raldi, Denise Pontes

doi:10.1089/pho.2014.3722

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Values of L*, a* and b* were collected, as they were needed in the formula used to calculate the ∆E, which represents the constant difference in colour, regardless of the location in the colour space (Figueiredo et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…, Figueiredo et al . ). In the present study, most ∆E values in both groups were above 3.7, which are considerable values that were easily perceptible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The advantage of this system is that the shade differences are expressed numerically, and these can be related to visual perception and clinical significance (Douglas et al 2007). Values of L*, a* and b* were collected, as they were needed in the formula used to calculate the ΔE, which represents the constant difference in colour, regardless of the location in the colour space (Figueiredo et al 2014). Values at different time periods have to be collected to calculate a Δ: a Δ value is calculated by subtracting the final data from the initial data in each time period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the sake of interpretation, it is important to understand that, according to the CIE L*a*b* system, the constant difference in colour (ΔE) with values above 3.7 are considered an easily visible difference (Ruyter et al 1987, Figueiredo et al 2014). In the present study, most ΔE values in both groups were above 3.7, which are considerable values that were easily perceptible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tooth discolouration and internal bleaching after the use of triple antibiotic paste

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…, Figueiredo et al . ). In the present study, most ∆E values in both groups were above 3.7, which are considerable values that were easily perceptible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tooth discolouration and internal bleaching after the use of triple antibiotic paste

et al. 2015

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“…The photodynamic approach to kill bacteria is a rapidly emerging alternative to current antimicrobial agents, and it is unlikely that bacteria could develop resistance to the action of ROS and 1 O 2 [35]. Previous studies reported that Enterococcus faecalis was sensitive to the lethal PDI mediated by a wide variety of PSs, including methylene blue [12,34], toluidine blue [12], cationic porphyrins [29], hypericin [22], eosin-Y, rose gengal, and curcumin [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Aspects of the Photodynamic Inactivation of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Mediated by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Methyl Ester

et al. 2014

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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) is a serious concern for public health. Serious infections with VRE have very limited effective antimicrobial therapy, and alternative treatment approaches are highly desirable. One promising approach might be the photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. In the present study, we investigated the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of two VRE strains mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and its derivative 5-ALA methyl ester (MAL). The photodynamic damages to bacteria on the level of genomic DNA, the leakage of cell components, and the changes of membrane structure were investigated. After treated with 10 mM 5-ALA and irradiated by the 633 ± 10 nm LED for 60 min, 5.37 and 5.22 log10 reductions in bacterial survival were achieved for the clinical isolate of VRE and E. faecalis (ATCC 51299), respectively. After treated with 10 mM MAL and irradiated by the LED for 60 min, 5.02 and 4.91 log10 reductions in bacterial survival were observed for the two VRE strains, respectively. In addition, the photocleavage on genomic DNA and the rapid release of intracellular biopolymers were detected in PDI-treated bacteria. The intensely denatured cytoplasm and the aggregated ribosomes were also found in PDI-treated bacteria by transmission electron microscopy. Although 5-ALA and MAL-mediated PDI could induce the photocleavage on genomic DNA, the PDI of the two VRE strains might be predominantly attributed to the envelope injury, the intracellular biopolymers leakage, and the cytoplasm denature.

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Type I Photosensitizers Revitalizing Photodynamic Oncotherapy

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great potential for tumor treatment with merits of non‐invasiveness, high selectivity, and minimal side effects. However, conventional type II PDT relying on 1O2 presents poor therapeutic efficacy for hypoxic tumors due to the oxygen‐dependent manner. Alternatively, emerging researches have demonstrated that type I PDT exhibits superiority over type II PDT in tumor treatment owing to its diminished oxygen‐dependence. In this review, state‐of‐the‐art studies concerning recent progress in type I photosensitizers are scrutinized, emphasizing the strategies to construct highly effective type I photosensitizers. As the foundation, basic principles of type I PDT are presented, and up‐to‐date type I photosensitizers are summarized and classified based on their attributes. Then, a literature review of representative type I photosensitizers (including nanomaterials and small molecules) is presented with impetus to delineate their novel designs, action mechanisms, as well as anticancer PDT applications. Finally, the remaining challenges and development directions of type I photosensitizers are outlined, highlighting key scientific issues toward clinical translations.

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Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Phenothiazine Dyes in Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract: It can be concluded that both methylene blue and toluidine blue dyes cause tooth discoloration, and that Endo-PTC cream associated with 2.5% NaOCl effectively remove these dyes, regardless of the pre-irradiation time used for PDT.

Cited by 32 publications

References 23 publications

Tooth discolouration and internal bleaching after the use of triple antibiotic paste

Tooth discolouration and internal bleaching after the use of triple antibiotic paste

Mechanistic Aspects of the Photodynamic Inactivation of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Mediated by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Methyl Ester

Type I Photosensitizers Revitalizing Photodynamic Oncotherapy

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