Top income shares and inequality in Brazil, 1928-2012

Souza, Pedro Herculano Guimarães Ferreira de; Medeiros, Marcelo

doi:10.20336/sid.v1i1.2

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Segundo Atkinson, Piketty e Saez (2011), os avanços da literatura nessa linha foram possíveis fundamentalmente pelo uso de dados de impostos de renda. 6 No caso do Brasil, essa perspectiva foi adotada por Souza e Medeiros (2015) e Souza (2016), apontando que os dados de pesquisas domiciliares podem subestimar a desigualdade no país.…”

Section: Revisão Da Literaturaunclassified

Estrutura produtiva e distribuição interpessoal de renda no estado da Bahia

Silva,

Ribeiro,

Souza

2022

PPE v. 50 n. 03

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Este estudo apresenta a discussão acerca da influência da estrutura produtiva sobre as alterações na distribuição interpessoal de renda no estado da Bahia. Nesse caso, a análise está centrada na aplicação do modelo de insumo-produto denominado Leontief-Miyazawa, versão alternativa ao modelo original desenvolvida por Miyazawa (1976), a partir do qual foram estimados os impactos de mudanças exógenas sobre a renda. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados da matriz insumo-produto da Bahia para o ano-base de 2009 (Perobelli et al., 2015), bem como as informações de consumo e rendimento das famílias baianas. Na sequência, foram realizadas duas simulações visando analisar o impacto da redução nas transferências governamentais de renda (benefícios previdenciários e políticas de transferência direta), respectivamente, às famílias pobres e extremamente pobres, e calculados os indicadores de desigualdade de Gini. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os setores produtivos possuem capacidades distintas entre si de provocar mudanças sobre a distribuição de renda e na geração de emprego, e que as transferências governamentais atuam como redutores das desigualdades de rendimentos no estado.

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Section: Revisão Da Literaturaunclassified

Estrutura produtiva e distribuição interpessoal de renda no estado da Bahia

Silva,

Ribeiro,

Souza

2022

PPE v. 50 n. 03

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“…For more details, consult the important contributions of , Fernandes (2016), Gobetti and Orair (2017), Souza (2016), Souza and Medeiros (2015), Medeiros, Galvão, and Nazareno (2015). 7.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal inequality and ethnic diversity in Brazil: patterns, trends, and their impacts on institutions

Leivas

Santos

2018

Oxford Development Studies

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In this paper, we analyse the patterns and trends of horizontal inequality and ethnic diversity in Brazil in the past 30 years and their effect on the quality of the country's institutions. Using data from the last four demographic censuses (1980, 1991, 2000, and 2010), we estimate numerous measures to analyse inequalities between different 'ethnic' groups. Our results show that, in Brazil between 1980 and 2010, the trend toward greater equality shown in other analyses of vertical inequality, is also found in terms of horizontal inequalities along racial, gender, and regional lines. Nevertheless, horizontal inequalities in terms of race and gender, in particular, remain pronounced. Ethnic diversity regarding race and religion has increased since 1980. Through our regression analysis, we note that both horizontal inequality and ethnic diversity negatively affect the institutional quality of Brazilian municipalities.

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“…From a national perspective, this work relates to the pioneer works of Medeiros, Souza, and de Castro (2015) and Souza and Medeiros (2015) that introduced the use of tax income data in the analysis of income distribution in Brazil. More generally, this study dialogues with a larger effort of constructing Distributional National Accounts (DINA) globally (World Inequality Database, 2021), and in particular, with Morgan (2018) that built Brazil's DINA at the national-level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional income inequality in Brazil: state-level Distributional National Accounts

Bhering

2024

ECON

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PurposeBrazil’s regional inequality is an important topic due to the large and persistent differences in development between states and the high levels of inequality in the country. These variations in development can potentially render survey data inaccurate since the significance of capital income varies across the states. Besides, previous studies incorporating tax and national accounts data globally have mainly focused on measuring the income distribution at the country-level. This approach can limit the understanding of inequality, especially when considering large countries such as Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used to construct these estimates follows the guidelines of the Distributional National Accounts, whose core goal is to provide income distribution measures consistent with macroeconomic aggregates and harmonized across countries and time. The procedure has three main steps: first, it corrects the survey’s underrepresentation of top incomes using tax data. Then, it accounts for national income items not included in the survey or tax data, such as imputed rents and undistributed profits. Finally, it ensures that all components match the national income.FindingsCompared to survey-based estimations, the results reveal a new angle on the state-level inequality. This study indicates that Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo have a more concentrated income distribution. The top 1\% of earners in these states receives around 28\% of total pre-tax income, while the top 10\% receive nearly 60\%. On the other end, Amapá (AP), Acre (AC), Rondônia (RO) and Santa Catarina (SC) are the states where the income distribution is less concentrated. There were no significant changes in the income distribution across the states during the period analyzed.Originality/valueThis study combines survey, tax and national accounts data to construct new estimates of Brazil’s state-level income distribution from 2006 to 2019. Previous results only considered income captured in surveys, which usually misses a significant part of capital incomes. This limitation may bias comparisons as capital income has different importance across the states. The new estimates represent the income of top groups more accurately, account for the entire national income and enable to compare regional inequality levels consistently with other countries.

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Top income shares and inequality in Brazil, 1928-2012

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Estrutura produtiva e distribuição interpessoal de renda no estado da Bahia

Estrutura produtiva e distribuição interpessoal de renda no estado da Bahia

Horizontal inequality and ethnic diversity in Brazil: patterns, trends, and their impacts on institutions

Regional income inequality in Brazil: state-level Distributional National Accounts

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