Topical application of morphine to the rat somatosensory corte produces analgesia to tonic pain

Soto-Moyano, Rubén; Gálvez, Jorge; Vallejos, Carla; Hernández, Alejandro

doi:10.1002/jnr.490190416

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is supported by our observations of projections from both the insular and S2 areas of the cortex to the superficial layers of Sp5C (see also Dunn and Tolbert, 1982;Jacquin et al, 1990). Moreover, electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex elicits increases in metabolic activity in several areas including the Cu and subjacent SRD (Sharp and Ryan, 1984) and application of morphine to the sensorimotor (Soto-Moyano et al, 1988) or insular (Burkey et al, 1996) cortex in the rat elicits strong antinociceptive effects. Moreover, electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex elicits increases in metabolic activity in several areas including the Cu and subjacent SRD (Sharp and Ryan, 1984) and application of morphine to the sensorimotor (Soto-Moyano et al, 1988) or insular (Burkey et al, 1996) cortex in the rat elicits strong antinociceptive effects.…”

Section: Cortical Projections To the Srd And The Surrounding Cu And Ssupporting

confidence: 79%

Organization of cortical projections to the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis: A retrograde and anterograde tracing study in the rat

1999

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The distribution and organization of cortical projections to the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD), the neighboring cuneate nucleus (Cu), and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) were studied in the rat using microinjections of wheat germ agglutinin-apo horseradish peroxidase-gold and Biotin-Dextran. Cortical cells projecting to the caudal medulla were confined to the contralateral layer V with their descending axons crossing the midline at the level of pyramidal decussation. Cortical afferents to Sp5C originated from cells located mainly in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the insular cortex, whereas cortical projections to the Cu originated mainly from the primary motor cortex (M1), the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex (S1 and S2). The SRD received dense cortical afferents from larger, widespread cortical areas: M1, M2, S1, S2, and the insular cortex. The existence of dense cortico-SRD connections supports the possibility of a pyramidal influence over SRD neurons, which might modify nociceptive information ascending to the cortex itself. This proposal is consistent with the fact that SRD efferents terminate densely in thalamic areas that influence sensorimotor cortical regions which in turn project to the SRD. Moreover, these corticofugal mechanisms could allow the cortex to select its own input by suppressing or augmenting transmission of signals through SRD-hindbrain/forebrain pathways or by coordinating activities in spino-SRD-spinal circuits and thus selecting the relevant information produced by the noxious stimulus.

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Section: Cortical Projections To the Srd And The Surrounding Cu And Ssupporting

confidence: 79%

Organization of cortical projections to the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis: A retrograde and anterograde tracing study in the rat

1999

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“…Morphine was only effective in inhibiting behaviours when connections between the forebrain and brainstem were left intact in sham-operated rats (Matthies and Franklin 1992). Moreover, local application of morphine into either the somatosensory, prefrontal orbital or agranular insular cortices attenuates behavioural responses in the formalin pain model in rats (Soto-Moyano et al 1988; Xie et al 2004). Thus, morphine is active in the rat forebrain, which is consistent with it modulating the subjective experience of the noxious stimuli, as in humans (Jones et al 1991; Taylor et al 2013).…”

Section: What Are the Reasons For The Anthropomorphic View That Fish mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish do not feel pain and its implications for understanding phenomenal consciousness

Key

2014

Biol Philos

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Phenomenal consciousness or the subjective experience of feeling sensory stimuli is fundamental to human existence. Because of the ubiquity of their subjective experiences, humans seem to readily accept the anthropomorphic extension of these mental states to other animals. Humans will typically extrapolate feelings of pain to animals if they respond physiologically and behaviourally to noxious stimuli. The alternative view that fish instead respond to noxious stimuli reflexly and with a limited behavioural repertoire is defended within the context of our current understanding of the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of mental states. Consequently, a set of fundamental properties of neural tissue necessary for feeling pain or experiencing affective states in vertebrates is proposed. While mammals and birds possess the prerequisite neural architecture for phenomenal consciousness, it is concluded that fish lack these essential characteristics and hence do not feel pain.

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“…Interestingly, it has been shown that stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex can elicit primary afferent depolarization in cutaneous nerves and Ib afferent fibers (Carpenter et al, 1962;Andersen et al, 1964), and both excitatory and inhibitory effects on sensory processing through Sp5C (Sessle et al, 1981;Jacquin et al, 1990), the dorsal column nuclei (Canedo, 1997) and the spinal dorsal horn (Fetz, 1968;Coulter et al, 1974;Yezierski et al, 1983;Zhang et al, 1991). Moreover, electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex elicits increases in metabolic activity in several areas including the Cu and subjacent SRD (Sharp and Ryan, 1984) and application of morphine to the sensorimotor (Soto-Moyano et al, 1988) or insular (Burkey et al, 1996) cortex in the rat elicits strong antinociceptive effects.…”

Section: Cortical Projections To the Srd And The Surrounding Cu And Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of cortical projections to the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis: A retrograde and anterograde tracing study in the rat

1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The distribution and organization of cortical projections to the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD), the neighboring cuneate nucleus (Cu), and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) were studied in the rat using microinjections of wheat germ agglutinin‐apo horseradish peroxidase‐gold and Biotin‐Dextran. Cortical cells projecting to the caudal medulla were confined to the contralateral layer V with their descending axons crossing the midline at the level of pyramidal decussation. Cortical afferents to Sp5C originated from cells located mainly in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the insular cortex, whereas cortical projections to the Cu originated mainly from the primary motor cortex (M1), the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex (S1 and S2). The SRD received dense cortical afferents from larger, widespread cortical areas: M1, M2, S1, S2, and the insular cortex. The existence of dense cortico‐SRD connections supports the possibility of a pyramidal influence over SRD neurons, which might modify nociceptive information ascending to the cortex itself. This proposal is consistent with the fact that SRD efferents terminate densely in thalamic areas that influence sensorimotor cortical regions which in turn project to the SRD. Moreover, these corticofugal mechanisms could allow the cortex to select its own input by suppressing or augmenting transmission of signals through SRD‐hindbrain/forebrain pathways or by coordinating activities in spino‐SRD‐spinal circuits and thus selecting the relevant information produced by the noxious stimulus. J. Comp. Neurol. 410:178–196, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Topical application of morphine to the rat somatosensory corte produces analgesia to tonic pain

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Organization of cortical projections to the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis: A retrograde and anterograde tracing study in the rat

Organization of cortical projections to the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis: A retrograde and anterograde tracing study in the rat

Fish do not feel pain and its implications for understanding phenomenal consciousness

Organization of cortical projections to the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis: A retrograde and anterograde tracing study in the rat

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