Topical Medications for Orofacial Neuropathic Pain: A Review

Lecithin organogels as a potential phospholipid-structured system for topical drug delivery: A review

“…The composition is also proven to be effective for moisturizing and rejuvenating the keratinous tissue including skin, hair, and fingernails. Padilla et al 86 have also described the efficacy of PLOs for topical use of local anesthetics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is inferred that for those orofacial disorders that are regional, near the surface, and chronic, the LOs are more advantageous over systemic administration of drugs because of the rapid onset of action with low side-effect profile.…”

Topical and Peripherally Acting Analgesics

“…With certain other local delivery methods (intra-articular injections), there is promising clinical data (morphine, clonidine). There is, however, considerable interest in the preclinical literature in identifying novel peripheral targets, and the development and formulation of this approach as a viable alternative to systemic therapies (e.g., Jones, 2000;Padilla et al, 2000). It is likely that in the next few years, several alternative modalities will become available for clinical use.…”

Survey of medical ethnobotanicals for dental and oral medicine conditions and pathologies

“…Goodman (1994) reviewed the multiple roles that tobacco entities, from the Solanaceae family, have played in the medical ethnobotany of oral medicine and medicine. Numerous other plants, for example: betel nut from the Arecaceae (palm) family (Oxenham et al, 2002;Sullivan and Hagen, 2002), purple cone flower (Echinacea augustifolia) from the Asteraceae (Wiley and Hofman, 1994), khat from the Celastraceae family, kava kava and other Piper plants from Piperaceae (Sullivan and Hagen, 2002), coca from the Erythroxylaceae (Lloyd and Lloyd, 1911;Goodman, 1994;Schultes, 1977;Wynbrandt, 1998;Sullivan and Hagen, 2002), opium derived alkaloids from the Papaveraceae (Sullivan and Hagen, 2002); various peppers (capsaicin) from the Solanaceae (Cordell and Araujo, 1993;Padilla et al, 2000), and even cherries from the Rosaceae (Angier, 2000); have all served as highly regarded historical sources of plant-based oral medicinal remedies. Oral buccal mastication with saliva is a universal route to ingest and extract bioactive constituents from pain and inflammation relieving plants (Sullivan and Hagen, 2002).…”

“…Only a few papers document the role of plants used traditionally in dentistry, oral medicine, and/or in the treatment and cure of oral and maxillofacial conditions and/or pain (Ogura et al, 1982;Makapugay et al, 1983;Wiley and Hofman, 1994;Wynbrandt, 1998;Eversole et al, 2000;Casagrande, 2000;Padilla et al, 2000;Oxenham et al, 2002;McFerren et al, 2002;Martin-Duce, 2002;Meyers et al, 2002). Ethnopharmacology researchers have detailed the specific effects that many plants have as non-cariogenic sweeteners (Kinghorn et al, 1998).…”