Topical Therapy in Anosmia: Relevance of Steroid‐Responsiveness

Stenner, Markus; Vent, Julia; Kb, Hüttenbrink; Hummel, Thomas; Damm, Michael

doi:10.1097/mlg.0b013e31817c1368

Cited by 51 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Topical corticosteroids alone or following oral corticosteroids does not appear to be effective on olfactory dysfunction 2, 3. Nevertheless, Stenner et al reported that adjacent application of topical corticosteroids enables maintaining improvement of olfactory function following oral corticosteroids 17. In that report, the patients enrolled had limited olfactory improvement after treatment with oral corticosteroids, with TDI scores increasing from 15.5 ± 0.8 to 18.7 ± 0.9 17.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nevertheless, Stenner et al reported that adjacent application of topical corticosteroids enables maintaining improvement of olfactory function following oral corticosteroids 17. In that report, the patients enrolled had limited olfactory improvement after treatment with oral corticosteroids, with TDI scores increasing from 15.5 ± 0.8 to 18.7 ± 0.9 17. Inflammation seemed to be a minor factor in these patients, and might have been completely restored with the initial oral corticosteroids; therefore, the olfactory function did not decrease when shifted to topical corticosteroid use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topical corticosteroids applied with a squirt system are more effective than a nasal spray for steroid‐dependent olfactory impairment

et al. 2012

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The application of topical corticosteroids with a squirt system was more effective than with a spray in maintaining olfactory improvement with oral corticosteroid treatment. Nevertheless, it only partially maintained the improvement so that topical corticosteroid treatment using a squirt system needs to be combined with intervals of short-term oral corticosteroids to treat steroid-dependent olfactory loss while avoiding the side effects of long-term oral corticosteroid use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical corticosteroids applied with a squirt system are more effective than a nasal spray for steroid‐dependent olfactory impairment

et al. 2012

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“…If direct OC mucosal inflammation is driving olfactory loss, then the efficacy of these medications will vary in part based on their ability to adequately reach the OC mucosa. Devices or techniques that can deliver anti‐inflammatory medications effectively into the olfactory cleft could offer therapeutic advantage from an olfactory standpoint …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of mucus inflammatory proteins and olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis

Soler

Yoo

Schlosser

et al. 2019

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common causes of olfactory loss, but the pathophysiology underlying olfactory dysfunction in CRS has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies found correlations between olfactory cleft (OC) inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and olfaction in CRS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between OC mucus inflammatory proteins and olfaction in a multi‐institutional cohort. Methods Adults with CRS were prospectively recruited. Demographics, comorbidities, olfactory assessment (Sniffin’ Sticks), computed tomography (CT), and OC mucus for protein analysis were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to determine associations between olfactory function, OC mucus protein concentrations, and CT opacification. Results Sixty‐two patients were enrolled in the study, with an average age of 48.2 (standard deviation, 16.2) years, and 56.5% were female and 59.7% were classified as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Ten of 26 OC mucus proteins were significantly correlated with threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) scores and OC opacification. Subgroup analysis by polyp status revealed that, within the CRSwNP group, C‐C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), IL‐6, IL‐13, IL‐10, IL‐9, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), CCL5, and CCL11 were significantly correlated with olfaction. For CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), only C‐X‐C ligand 5 (CXCL5) showed a correlation. In CRSwNP, IL‐6, IL‐10, vascular endothelial growth factor‐A, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) correlated with OC opacification, whereas, in CRSsNP, only CXCL5 showed a correlation. OC mucus proteins and Lund‐Mackay score correlated only in the CRSsNP group (CXCL5, IL‐5, IL‐13, IgE). Conclusion Several OC mucus proteins have been found to correlate with olfactory function and OC opacification. The profile of OC mucus proteins differs between CRSsNP and CRSwNP subgroups, suggesting different mechanisms between groups, but further study is required.

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“…Among the different chemicals studied, dexamethasone was found to be the most efficient treatment. It would be interesting to examine the impact of other glucocorticoids on XME expression because these drugs are usually administered to treat certain olfactory dysfunctions such as postviral olfactory loss (Stenner et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Typical Inducers on Olfactory Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme, Transporter, and Transcription Factor Expression in Rats

Thiebaud¹,

Sigoillot²,

Chevalier³

et al. 2010

Drug Metabolism and Disposition

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ABSTRACT:Several xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) have been identified in the olfactory mucosa (OM) of mammals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these enzymes have been little explored. In particular, information on the expression of the transcriptional factors in this tissue is quite limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of five typical inducers, Aroclor 1254, 3-methylcholanthrene, dexamethasone, phenobarbital, and ethoxyquin, on the activities and mRNA expression of several XMEs in the OM and in the liver of rats. We also evaluated the effects of these treatments on the mRNA expression of transcription factors and transporters. On the whole, the intensities of the effects were lower in the OM than in the liver. Dexamethasone was found to be the most efficient treatment in the OM. Dexamethasone induced the transcription of several olfactory phase I, II, and III genes [such as cytochromes P450 2A3 and 3A9, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2A1, and multidrug resistance-related protein type 1] and increased UGT activities. We observed that dexamethasone up-regulated sulfotransferase 1C1 expression in the OM but down-regulated it in the liver. Aroclor and ethoxyquin induced the gene expression of CYP1A and quinone reductase, respectively, in the OM. The transcription factors aryl hydrocarbon receptor, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ␣, pregnane X receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor were detected in the OM, but no constitutive androstane receptor expression was observed. Dexamethasone and Aroclor enhanced olfactory Nrf2 expression. These results demonstrate that olfactory XME can be modulated by chemicals and that the mechanisms involved in the regulation of these enzymes are tissue-specific.

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Topical Therapy in Anosmia: Relevance of Steroid‐Responsiveness

Cited by 51 publications

References 16 publications

Topical corticosteroids applied with a squirt system are more effective than a nasal spray for steroid‐dependent olfactory impairment

Topical corticosteroids applied with a squirt system are more effective than a nasal spray for steroid‐dependent olfactory impairment

Correlation of mucus inflammatory proteins and olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis

Effects of Typical Inducers on Olfactory Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme, Transporter, and Transcription Factor Expression in Rats

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