Topochemical reactions of rutile related structures with lithium

Murphy, D. W.; Salvo, F. J. Di; Carides, J. N.; Waszczak, J. V.

doi:10.1016/0025-5408(78)90131-9

Cited by 281 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…According to the energetically calculation for rutile structure crystals including TiO2, SnO2 and RuO2, <001> crystallographic direction with the lowest energy cost is the most favorable lithium diffusion pathway. 27,[38][39][40][41] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic resolution observation of conversion-type anode RuO₂during the first electrochemical lithiation

et al. 2015

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic resolution observation of conversion-type anode RuO₂during the first electrochemical lithiation

et al. 2015

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“…However the volume swing caused by lithium intercalation/deintercalation led to poor cyclability. To circumvent the safety issue, the insertion materials that could accept Li-ions were simultaneously adopted as the cathode and anode by Murphy et al 4 and then by Lazzari and Scrosati 5 which led to the first Li-ion battery technology at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Prospective Li-Ion Battery Recycling and Recovery Processes

Heelan

Gratz²,

Zheng

et al. 2016

JOM

215

162

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The lithium ion (Li-ion) battery industry has been growing exponentially since its initial inception in the late 20th century. As battery materials evolve, the applications for Li-ion batteries have become even more diverse. To date, the main source of Li-ion battery use varies from consumer portable electronics to electric/hybrid electric vehicles. However, even with the continued rise of Liion battery development and commercialization, the recycling industry is lagging; approximately 95% of Li-ion batteries are landfilled instead of recycled upon reaching end of life. Industrialized recycling processes are limited and only capable of recovering secondary raw materials, not suitable for direct reuse in new batteries. Most technologies are also reliant on high concentrations of cobalt to be profitable, and intense battery sortation is necessary prior to processing. For this reason, it is critical that a new recycling process be commercialized that is capable of recovering more valuable materials at a higher efficiency. A new technology has been developed by the researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute which is capable of recovering LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 cathode material from a hydrometallurgical process, making the recycling system as a whole more economically viable. By implementing a flexible recycling system that is closed-loop, recycling of Li-ion batteries will become more prevalent saving millions of pounds of batteries from entering the waste stream each year.

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“…This is sought to be overcome by the introduction of a more advanced and inherently safe 'rocking chair' configuration of lithium batteries (so called because the Li ions rock back and forth between the two electrodes during charge/discharge cycles). Rocking chair batteries use insertion compounds as electrode materials for both the anode and the cathode (Murphy et al 1978;Murphy and Carides 1979;Lazzari and Scrosati 1980;Mizushima et al 1980). The output voltage of such cells is determined by the difference between the electrochemical potential of Li + ions in the two electrodic insertion compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave synthesis of electrode materials for lithium batteries

et al. 2000

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Topochemical reactions of rutile related structures with lithium

Cited by 281 publications

References 16 publications

Atomic resolution observation of conversion-type anode RuO₂during the first electrochemical lithiation

Atomic resolution observation of conversion-type anode RuO₂during the first electrochemical lithiation

Current and Prospective Li-Ion Battery Recycling and Recovery Processes

Microwave synthesis of electrode materials for lithium batteries

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Topochemical reactions of rutile related structures with lithium

Cited by 281 publications

References 16 publications

Atomic resolution observation of conversion-type anode RuO2during the first electrochemical lithiation

Atomic resolution observation of conversion-type anode RuO2during the first electrochemical lithiation

Current and Prospective Li-Ion Battery Recycling and Recovery Processes

Microwave synthesis of electrode materials for lithium batteries

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Atomic resolution observation of conversion-type anode RuO₂during the first electrochemical lithiation

Atomic resolution observation of conversion-type anode RuO₂during the first electrochemical lithiation