Topography and nociceptive receptive fields of climbing fibres projecting to the cerebellar anterior lobe in the cat.

Ekerot, Carl‐Fredrik; Garwicz, Martin; Schouenborg, Jens

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018750

Cited by 171 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We found vermis activation in both stimuli. This is consistent with previous pain imaging studies (Casey et al, 1994(Casey et al, , 1996Becerra et al, 1999;Brooks et al, 2002) and probably caused by direct spinocerebellar input (Ekerot et al, 1991;Iadarola et al, 1998). Consistent with previous reports (Coghill et al, 2001;Bingel et al, 2002), both stimuli evoked bilateral AC activation.…”

Section: Pain Processing Network Activated By Tcssupporting

confidence: 82%

Brain Activation during Input from Mechanoinsensitive versus Polymodal C-Nociceptors

Ruehle¹,

Handwerker²,

Lennerz³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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C-nociceptors mediating cutaneous pain in humans can be distinguished in mechano-heat-responsive units (CMH) and mechanoinsensitive units (CM i ). However, if sensitized in damaged tissue, CM i play an important role in inflammatory pain. CM i differ from CMH by higher electrical thresholds and by mediating the axon reflex. Using these properties, we established two stimulation paradigms: (1) transcutaneous stimulation (TCS) of low current density below the CM i threshold and (2) intracutaneous stimulation (ICS) of high current density that excites CM i . This was proven by the quantification of the axon-reflex flare. Applying these stimulation paradigms during functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether nociceptor stimulation that recruits CM i leads to different cerebral activation than stimuli that do not recruit CM i . Brain activation by CM i was inferred by subtraction. Both stimuli recruited multiple afferents other than CM i , and we expected a common network of regions involved in different aspects of pain perception and motor nocifensive reactions in both stimuli. ICS that additionally recruited CM i should activate regions with low acuity that are involved in pain memory and emotional attribution. Besides a common network of pain in both stimuli, TCS activated the supplementary motor area, motor thalamic nuclei, the ipsilateral insula, and the medial cingulate cortex. These regions contribute to a pain processing loop that coordinates the nocifensive motor reaction. CM i nociceptor activation did not cause relevant activation in this loop and does not seem to play a role in withdrawal. The posterior cingulate cortex was selectively activated by ICS and is apparently important for the processing of inflammatory pain.

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Section: Pain Processing Network Activated By Tcssupporting

confidence: 82%

Brain Activation during Input from Mechanoinsensitive versus Polymodal C-Nociceptors

Ruehle¹,

Handwerker²,

Lennerz³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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“…Receptive fields of central neurons are typically composed of a sensitivity center surrounded by a periphery with weaker, more variable activation (11)(12)(13) (Fig. S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory transmission in cerebellar granule cells relies on similarly coded mossy fiber inputs

Bengtsson¹,

Jörntell

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

127

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The computational principles underlying the processing of sensoryevoked synaptic inputs are understood only rudimentarily. A critical missing factor is knowledge of the activation patterns of the synaptic inputs to the processing neurons. Here we use welldefined, reproducible skin stimulation to describe the specific signal transformations that occur in different parallel mossy fiber pathways and analyze their representation in the synaptic inputs to cerebellar granule cells. We find that mossy fiber input codes are preserved in the synaptic responses of granule cells, suggesting a coding-specific innervation. The computational consequences of this are that it becomes possible for granule cells to also transmit weak sensory inputs in a graded fashion and to preserve the specific activity patterns of the mossy fibers.cerebellum ͉ cuneate ͉ lateral reticular nucleus F irst-order processing of sensory inputs within the mammalian brain occurs within the spinal cord, brainstem nuclei, and thalamus, as well as in the input layers of specific parts of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. For example, skin sensory input destined for the cerebellar granule layer can be preprocessed through either the cuneate nucleus pathway (1) or the spinal cord-lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) pathways (2) before being processed further by the granule cells. In the cuneate nucleus, neurons process raw primary afferent input mediated directly from skin receptors, and a set of rather intricate connectivity patterns ensures that the information conveyed through the cuneate neurons represent a synthesized receptive field that have sharp borders (3, 4). Thus, it may be speculated that the purpose of the preprocessing is to present the input layers with sensory information in a form that can be more readily used by downstream neurons, eliminating properties of the skin sensory sheet that are not relevant to the central processing. In contrast, the LRN, another important precerebellar source, receives skin sensory input through neurons of the spinal cord that are involved in the mediation of descending motor commands (5, 6). Although both the cuneate and the LRN are strongly influenced by skin input, they are likely to code the same skin input in different ways because of their differences in convergent synaptic inputs and intrinsic cellular properties.The understanding of the function of the input layers is more limited, but at least for the cerebellar granule cells, various contrasting theories have been proposed (7-9). Cerebellar granule cells have attracted considerable interest because of their relative simplicity; they receive only about 4 mossy fiber synaptic inputs, each of which evokes strong postsynaptic responses (7, 10). Therefore, actually determining the precise role of each individual synapse in neuronal information processing is feasible, if intracellular recordings and a description of the natural activation patterns in vivo of each synaptic input can be obtained. Here we approach this aim by identifying the specific coding o...

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“…Apart from the NWRs, movement-related receptive fields have also been described for neurons in the primary motor cortex (Asanuma et al, 1968;Rosén and Asanuma, 1972) and for nociceptive climbing fibers projecting to the anterior cerebellar lobe (Ekerot et al, 1991). It is possible, therefore, that mechanisms similar to those proposed to tune the withdrawal reflexes are involved in the developmental tuning of other motor systems.…”

Section: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Adaptation of Rat Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflexes after Neonatal Tendon Transfer

Holmberg

Schouenborg

et al. 1997

J. Neurosci.

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Nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWRs) were studied in adult rats in which the movement patterns produced by single muscles had been altered by neonatal tendon transfer. NWRs evoked by cutaneous noxious mechanical and thermal (CO 2 -laser) stimulation were recorded using electromyography in a decerebrate spinal preparation. The sensitivity distribution within the receptive fields of the NWRs of the extensor digitorum longus and the peronei muscles exhibited changes corresponding to the altered movement patterns. No detectable change of NWRs was found in normal muscles whose receptive fields overlapped that of the modified muscle. Furthermore, NWRs of muscles that regained an essentially normal function after neonatal tendon transfer did not differ from normal. It is proposed that a developmental experience-dependent mechanism, which takes into account the hindlimb movement pattern caused by contraction of single muscles, underlies the functionally adapted organization of adult NWRs.

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Topography and nociceptive receptive fields of climbing fibres projecting to the cerebellar anterior lobe in the cat.

Cited by 171 publications

References 26 publications

Brain Activation during Input from Mechanoinsensitive versus Polymodal C-Nociceptors

Brain Activation during Input from Mechanoinsensitive versus Polymodal C-Nociceptors

Sensory transmission in cerebellar granule cells relies on similarly coded mossy fiber inputs

Developmental Adaptation of Rat Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflexes after Neonatal Tendon Transfer

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