Topolins: A panacea to plant tissue culture challenges?

Abstract

Since the discovery of topolins as naturally occurring aromatic cytokinins (CKs), they have emerged as genuine alternatives to the long serving CKs such as benzyladenine, zeatin and kinetin in plant tissue culture (PTC). Globally, the past 15 years has witnessed a surge in the use of topolins and their derivatives in research laboratories. Topolins, especially the meta-topolin and its derivatives have been employed for culture initiation, protocol optimization and for counteracting various in vitro induced physiological disorders in many species. Evidence from various studies indicate the rising popularity and advantages (although not universal for all species) of topolins compared to other CKs. In this review, we assess the use of topolins in PTC with emphasis on their metabolism, structure-activity relations and effect on morphogenesis in vitro. In addition, the review provides a detailed list of species that have been used to study the effect of topolins in comparison with other CKs, the growth parameters affected and recommended concentrations are also provided.

Characterization of the Early Events Leading to Totipotency in an Arabidopsis Protoplast Liquid Culture by Temporal Transcript Profiling

“…Since we never observed bud formation in liquid medium, regardless of the phytohormones present, we transplanted colonies onto semi-solid medium for the subsequent regeneration steps. By comparing the effects of various cytokinins at different concentrations, we found that meta-topolin [6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine] (Aremu et al, 2012) was the most effective at promoting regeneration. We therefore included this compound in the shoot induction medium (SIM; see Supplemental Table 1 online).…”

In vitro Shoot Multiplication of Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal

“…TDZ at a higher concentration resulted in callus formation from leaf explants derived from in vitro raised shoots in W. coagulans is reported recently by Rathore et al (2016). Effectiveness of mT for axillary shoot multiplication and adventitious regeneration is reviewed by Aremu et al (2011). During subculture, in vitro raised shoots from MS supplemented with 2.50 mg/l mT, 50 mg/l AdS and 0.1 mg/l NAA were used for experimental purpose, while data on other shoot cultures were not recorded.…”

Hiperidricidade: uma desordem metabólica

“…No que se refere à ação de citocininas, o efeito deletério também pode ser reduzido com a aplicação de pulsos de curta duração com altas concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) (BORNMAN & VOGELMANN, 1984), ou com a utilização da topolina, citocinina natural, como alternativa ao BAP (AREMU et al, 2012).…”