Topological properties of polar food webs

Santana, Charles Novaes de; Rozenfeld, Alejandro; Marquet, Pablo A.; Duarte, Carlos M.

doi:10.3354/meps10073

Cited by 41 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The Antarctic zooplankton community includes, amongst other groups, copepods, amphipods, and salps and is often dominated by krill (Euphausia superba), the central node linking primary producers, and higher trophic levels in the Antarctic marine food web (Murphy et al 2007;Santana et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton excretion metabolites stimulate Southern Ocean phytoplankton growth

Coello-Camba

Llabrés²,

Duarte

et al. 2017

Polar Biol

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton excretion metabolites stimulate Southern Ocean phytoplankton growth

Coello-Camba

Llabrés²,

Duarte

et al. 2017

Polar Biol

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“…Although the Barents Sea, and in particular the southern Barents Sea, may not be typical of most Arctic marine ecosystems, it is certainly well connected to the North Atlantic, both in terms of the advection of nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton, but also in terms of its openness to invasion by fish species from lower latitudes (e.g., Hunt et al, 2013). The de Santana et al (2013) comparison of these food webs is perhaps most important as it brings into focus the potential vulnerability, not just of species, but of these entire ecosystems to perturbations that may result from climate change. Advection, and the resulting connections to lower latitude seas, may be an important element in determining the resilience of marine ecosystems to climate warming.…”

Section: Impacts Of Advective Changes At the Ecosystem Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impacts Of Advective Changes At the Ecosystem Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…De Santana et al (2013) analyzed and compared the topologies, in terms of trophic connections, of the food web of an Arctic marine ecosystem, the Barents Sea food web, with two food webs described for the Southern Ocean. They found that the Barents Sea has a greater diversity of predators and ''top species" and the Southern Ocean systems examined have a greater diversity of prey and basal species (de Santana et al, 2013). They argued that the Barents Sea may be more vulnerable to trophic cascades that could result from the loss of key predators, and that the Antarctic systems may be more robust to random extinctions, with the exception that the loss of the most connected species, such as Antarctic krill, could have profound effects.…”

Section: Impacts Of Advective Changes At the Ecosystem Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Hunt

Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tWe compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly between the north and south. Meridional circulation in the north provides connections between the sub-Arctic and Arctic despite the presence of encircling continental landmasses, whereas annular circulation patterns in the south tend to isolate Antarctic surface waters from those in the north. These differences influence fundamental aspects of the polar ecosystems from the amount, thickness and duration of sea ice, to the types of organisms, and the ecology of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Meridional flows in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans transport heat, nutrients, and plankton northward into the Chukchi Sea, the Barents Sea, and the seas off the west coast of Greenland. In the North Atlantic, the advected heat warms the waters of the southern Barents Sea and, with advected nutrients and plankton, supports immense biomasses of fish, seabirds and marine mammals. On the Pacific side of the Arctic, cold waters flowing northward across the northern Bering and Chukchi seas during winter and spring limit the ability of boreal fish species to take advantage of high seasonal production there. Southward flow of cold Arctic waters into sub-Arctic regions of the North Atlantic occurs mainly through Fram Strait with less through the Barents Sea and the Canadian Archipelago. In the Pacific, the transport of Arctic waters and plankton southward through Bering Strait is minimal.In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated fronts are barriers to the southward dispersal of plankton and pelagic fishes from sub-Antarctic waters, with the consequent evolution of Antarctic zooplankton and fish species largely occurring in isolation from those to the north. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current also disperses biota throughout the Southern Ocean, and as a result, the biota tends to be similar within a given broad latitudinal band. South of the Southern Boundary of the ACC, there is a large-scale divergence that brings nutrient-rich water to the surface. This divergence, along with more localized upwelling regions and deep vertical convection in winter, generates elevated nutrient levels throughout the Antarctic at the end of austral winter. However, such elevated nutrient levels do not support elevated phytoplankton productivity through the entire Southern Ocean, as iron concentrations are rapidly removed to limiting levels by spring blooms in deep waters. However, coastal http://dx

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“…The Barents Sea cod fishery, for example, has followed closely the Northwards movement of cod [6] and discussions are ongoing about the use and distribution of Arctic energy resources [7]. At the same time it is recognized that Arctic marine systems may be especially vulnerable to external pressure due to the relatively low number of species and the food web structure that is "heavy" on top predators; as well as that only limited scientific information exist on local ecosystems [8][9][10]. Thus, "how to sustainably use the natural resources in the Arctic" is a manifold question.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global connectivity and cross-scale interactions create uncertainty for Blue Growth of Arctic fisheries

et al. 2018

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A B S T R A C TThe Arctic faces high expectations of Blue Growth due to future projections of easier access and increased biological productivity. These expectations are, however, often based on global and regional climate change projections and largely ignore the complexity of social-ecological interactions taking place across different temporal and spatial scales. This paper illustrates how such cross-scale interactions at, and across, different dimensions (e.g., ecological, socioeconomic and governance) can affect the development of Arctic fisheries; and potentially create uncertainties for future Blue Growth projections. Two Arctic marine systems, The Barents Sea and the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO), are used as focus areas. The former hosts productive fisheries and is mostly covered by the EEZs of Norway and Russia, while the latter is still mainly covered by sea-ice and is a high seas area with no multilevel governance system in place. The examples show that, both systems are affected by a number of processes, beyond the environmental change, spanning a wide range of dimensions, as well as spatial and temporal scales. To address the complexity of the Arctic marine systems calls for an increase in holistic scientific understanding together with adaptive management practices. This is particularly important in the CAO, where no robust regional management structures are in place. Recognizing how cross-scale dynamics can cause uncertainties to the current fisheries projections and implementing well-functioning adaptive management structures across different Arctic sub-systems can play a key role in whether the Blue Growth potential in Arctic fisheries is realized or lost.

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Topological properties of polar food webs

Cited by 41 publications

References 60 publications

Zooplankton excretion metabolites stimulate Southern Ocean phytoplankton growth

Zooplankton excretion metabolites stimulate Southern Ocean phytoplankton growth

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Global connectivity and cross-scale interactions create uncertainty for Blue Growth of Arctic fisheries

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