Topological states on the gold surface

Yan, Binghai; Stadtmüller, Benjamin; Haag, Norman; Jakobs, S.; Seidel, Johannes; Jungkenn, Dominik; Mathias, Stefan; Cinchetti, Mirko; Aeschlimann, Martin; Felser, Claudia

doi:10.1038/ncomms10167

Cited by 163 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Although Pt itself contains a Z 2 topological index, the topological band structure is far away from the Fermi level, and it is constructed by s and p orbitals, but not d orbitals. The bands around the Fermi level are mainly dominated by the 5‐d orbitals,24 which are also believed to be the cause of high Pt catalytic efficiency. In other catalysts with topological order, such as Weyl semimetal and topological insulators, the nontrivial energy window is very small, and the enhancement of HER performance from topological band structures is strongly limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Topological Engineering of Pt‐Group‐Metal‐Based Chiral Crystals toward High‐Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

et al. 2020

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It has been demonstrated that topological nontrivial surface states can favor heterogeneous catalysis processes such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but a further decrease in mass loading and an increase in activity are still highly challenging. The observation of massless chiral fermions associated with large topological charge and long Fermi arc (FA) surface states inspires the investigation of their relationship with the charge transfer and adsorption process in the HER. In this study, it is found that the HER efficiency of Pt‐group metals can be boosted significantly by introducing topological order. A giant nontrivial topological energy window and a long topological surface FA are expected at the surface when forming chiral crystals in the space group of P213 (#198). This makes the nontrivial topological features resistant to a large change in the applied overpotential. As HER catalysts, PtAl and PtGa chiral crystals show turnover frequencies as high as 5.6 and 17.1 s−1 and an overpotential as low as 14 and 13.3 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. These crystals outperform those of commercial Pt and nanostructured catalysts. This work opens a new avenue for the development of high‐efficiency catalysts with the strategy of topological engineering of excellent transitional catalytic materials.

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“…Chiral crystal structure protected multifold Fermions and corresponding catalytic properties. A) Illustration of the band inversion mechanism and topologically nontrivial energy window in pure Pt,24 nonchiral topological semimetals, and chiral B20 compounds. B) Crystal structure of PtAl with space groups P 2 1 3 (No.…”

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Topological Engineering of Pt‐Group‐Metal‐Based Chiral Crystals toward High‐Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

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“…Having identified a number of topological crystalline transition metals, our findings call for investigating other material classes-besides insulators and semimetals [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]-that may host topologically protected edge states. Recently, Au(111) with increased strength of the spin-orbit coupling has been identified topologically nontrivial [24].…”

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Existence of topological nontrivial surface states in strained transition metals: W, Ta, Mo, and Nb

et al. 2016

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In a joint theoretical and experimental investigation we show that a series of transition metals with strained body-centered cubic lattice-W, Ta, Nb, and Mo-host surface states that are topologically protected by mirror symmetry. Our finding extends the class of topologically nontrivial systems by topological crystalline transition metals. The investigation is based on independent calculations of the electronic structures and of topological invariants, the results of which agree with established properties of the Dirac-type surface state in W(110). To further support our prediction, we investigate both experimentally by spin-resolved inverse photoemission and theoretically an unoccupied topologically nontrivial surface state in Ta(110).

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“…Owing to their topological properties, TIs have found great potential in both fundamental science and future applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Bismuth chalcogenide (Bi 2 X 3 ), such as Bi 2 Se 3 and Bi 2 Te 3 , is one type of the most extensively studied three dimensional TI materials, regarding to their TSS [8][9][10][11].…”

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Real-space characterization of reactivity towards water at theBi2Te3(111) surface

et al. 2016

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Surface reactivity is important in modifying the physical and chemical properties of surface sensitive materials, such as the topological insulators (TIs). Even though many studies addressing the reactivity of TIs towards external gases have been reported, it is still under heavy debate whether and how the topological insulators react with H 2 O. Here, we employ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to directly probe the surface reaction of Bi 2 Te 3 towards H 2 O. Surprisingly, it is found that only the top quintuple layer is reactive to H 2 O, resulting in a hydrated Bi bilayer as well as some Bi islands, which passivate the surface and prevent from the subsequent reaction. A reaction mechanism is proposed with H 2 Te and hydrated Bi as the products. Unexpectedly, our study indicates the reaction with water is intrinsic and not dependent on any surface defects. Since water inevitably exists, these findings provide key information when considering the reactions of Bi 2 Te 3 with residual gases or atmosphere.

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Topological states on the gold surface

Cited by 163 publications

References 70 publications

Topological Engineering of Pt‐Group‐Metal‐Based Chiral Crystals toward High‐Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

Topological Engineering of Pt‐Group‐Metal‐Based Chiral Crystals toward High‐Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

Existence of topological nontrivial surface states in strained transition metals: W, Ta, Mo, and Nb

Real-space characterization of reactivity towards water at theBi2Te3(111) surface

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