Topology and Response Surface Optimization of a Bicycle Crank Arm with Multiple Load Cases

Ismail, Ahmad Yusuf; Na, Gangta; Koo, Bonyong

doi:10.3390/app10062201

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It has high reliability, flexibility, cost efficiency, and slip elimination (Ji et al, 2021;Lee et al, 2020;Zhai et al, 2019;Zhang and Tak, 2020). Several studies have sought to improve the sprocket system's mechanical efficiency, such as developing a new pedal-crank system (Hyeong et al, 2017;Ismail et al, 2020;Zamparo et al, 2002), investigating sprocket tooth profile to reduce chain friction and energy impact (Seller and Mezeix, 2019;Wang et al, 2013), investigating an optimized tooth model for chain shifting (Kim, 2013;Lai et al, 1998;Lin and Tseng, 1998;Ma and Chiou, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-aided design of bi-ellipse bicycle sprocket

Lesmawanto

Hsu

Chang

2022

JAMDSM

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In cycling, pedaling is a combination of two pedal strokes by the left and right legs with different power. The pedaling power is transmitted from the human leg to the bike through the sprocket mechanism. However, research on sprocket design that considers the combination of two pedal strokes is limited. This paper proposes a CAD method to design a bi-ellipse sprocket that combines half different ellipses. The ellipses combination is used to accommodate the different torque between two pedals. Here, we built a sprocket prototype by adjusting the two vertical axes ratio on the bi-ellipse sprocket to be equal to the maximum torque ratio on the left and right crank. Then, we performed a pedaling comparison test between the circular sprocket and bi-ellipse sprocket prototype at the same rear-wheel rotational speed using a mountain bicycle mounted on an indoor bike trainer. In the test, the bi-ellipse prototype was also set up in eight different positions to the crank. Crank meter systems were installed on the bike to obtain the pedaling torque data and the pedaling power data on the left and right crank every 0.005 seconds. The result showed that the comparison parameter related to crank torque and power had smaller values on the bi-ellipse prototype than pedaling on the circular sprocket. Moreover, the asymmetry index of maximum torque in a specific position on the crank was lower than the circular sprocket. It can be concluded that using the bi-ellipse sprocket prototype makes pedaling more efficient, lighter, and safer to use. The proposed method can also be used as a guidance procedure to make countless bi-ellipse sprocket models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-aided design of bi-ellipse bicycle sprocket

Lesmawanto

Hsu

Chang

2022

JAMDSM

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“…Then the ratio between their sum and the sum of the weight values for all loadings is selected as the final weight value for this loading case. Ismail, et al [47] investigated the topology optimization of a bicycle crank with multiple load cases. Uphill angles of 10°, 20° and 30° were selected to reflect the variation of the working conditions.…”

Section: Multi-objective Topology Optimization For Curved Arm Of Mult...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Topology Optimization for Curved Arm of Multifunctional Billet Tong Based on Characterization of Working Conditions

Liu

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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A windlass driven heavy duty multifunctional billet tong was designed for large-scale forging and casting to reduce the number of auxiliary material handling devices in manufacturing workshops. To improve its mechanical performance and safety, a novel multi-objective topology optimization method for its curved arm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the influence of different open angles and working frequencies for the curved arm was simplified to a multi-objective optimization problem. A comprehensive evaluation function was constructed using the compromise programming method, and a mathematical model of multi-objective topology optimization was established. Meanwhile, a radar chart was employed to portray the comparative measures of working conditions, the weight coefficient for each working condition was determined based on the corresponding enclosed areas, combining the stress indices, the displacement indices and the frequency indices of all working conditions. The optimization results showed that the stiffness and strength of the curved arm can be improved while its weight can be reduced by 10.77%, which shows that it is feasible and promising to achieve a lightweight design of the curved arm of a billet tong. The proposed method can be extended to other equipment with complex working conditions.

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“…After updating 25 groups of experimental points, the standard response surface-full second-order polynomial was selected to fit the response surface model [15]. After fitting, the relationship between the input variable and the target variable of the response surface was obtained; that is, the mathematical relationship between the four input variables and the mass, the maximum displacement, and the maximum stress of the lower arm [16,17]. The Kriging was used to generate 2D curves between parameters P1, P5, P6, P7,P8, P9, and P10, respectively.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Response Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Design of the Lower Rocker Arm of a Vertical Roller Mill Based on ANSYS Workbench

Wei

Jicheng

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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The lower rocker arm is an important part of the vertical roller mill and its lightweight design is of great significance for reducing the mass and production cost of the roller mill. Firstly, the strength and deformation distribution of the lower rocker arm under working load were analyzed by ANSYS Workbench to determine the maximum stress and maximum deformation. The parts with large strength margin were used as the basis for the optimal design. During the analysis, firstly, the arm body of the lower rocker arm was determined part of the lightweight design. Secondly, the mass of the lower rocker arm was taken as the optimization target, the stress and displacement generated by the load of the lower rocker arm were taken as the constraint conditions, the structural size of the internal cavity of the lower rocker arm was taken as the optimization design parameter, and the mathematical model of the optimization design was established. Finally, the structural size of the internal cavity of the lower rocker arm was optimized by using the response surface optimization module and multi-objective genetic algorithm in ANSYS Workbench. The optimum results show that, compared with the original design model, the lower rocker mass was reduced by 346.3 kg and the decrease was about 5.29%, while the strength and deformation were nearly unchanged. Therefore, by optimizing the design, the material is saved and the cost is reduced, which can provide a reference basis for the design and light weight of the lower rocker arm.

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Topology and Response Surface Optimization of a Bicycle Crank Arm with Multiple Load Cases

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Computer-aided design of bi-ellipse bicycle sprocket

Computer-aided design of bi-ellipse bicycle sprocket

Multi-Objective Topology Optimization for Curved Arm of Multifunctional Billet Tong Based on Characterization of Working Conditions

Optimization Design of the Lower Rocker Arm of a Vertical Roller Mill Based on ANSYS Workbench

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