Torque Teno Virus—Cause of Viral Liver Disease Following Liver Transplantation: A Case Report

Piaggio, Francesca; Dodi, Ferdinando; Bottino, G; Andorno, Enzo; Gentile, R; Ferrari, C; Barabino, Gabriele; Giannone, Antonino Giulio; Immordino, Giovanni; Miggino, Marco; Rossi, Ana M.; Moraglia, Eva; Gasloli, G.; Gelli, Maximiliano; Ferrante, Rossella; Morelli, N; Casaccia, M.; Valente, Umberto

doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.03.047

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Initially, the circumstances under which TTV was unveiled 1, 2 led to almost solely investigate the possible role of the virus as a cause of those forms of putative liver infections in which no causing agent can be identified and that still represent approximately 5% of all cases of chronic hepatitis and a larger percentage of all acute liver diseases 75–78. Scattered data continue to appear in the literature that are compatible with the possibility that transient and mild abnormalities in liver enzymes levels are, in some cases, associated with TTV or specific genotypes of this virus 79–82. Overall, the subsequent findings have, however, ruled out TTV as an important cause of clinically evident liver disease.…”

Section: Anelloviruses and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system

Maggi

Bendinelli

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Torque teno virus and related anelloviruses are a recent addition to the list of agents that cause chronic productive infections and high levels of plasma viraemia in humans. Many aspects of the natural history and pathogenesis of these under many respects surprising viruses are still poorly understood. In this review, we briefly outline the general properties of anelloviruses, examine what is currently known about the interactions they establish with the central nervous system (CNS), and discuss the possible pathological consequences.

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Section: Anelloviruses and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system

Maggi

Bendinelli

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Interestingly, the positive rate of CMV-IgG was 78.91% in age 45-55 group and that was higher than other age groups, we speculate that it may depend their habits or immunity.Other viruses were identified in this study, including Hepatitis E Virus and 2 types of viruses in Anelloviridae: Torque teno mini virus and Torque teno virus. Anelloviridae infection causes a broad range of clinical manifestations as well as asymptomatic infection in humans 33,34 . Currently, data on these viruses in China are scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infection rate of Anelloviridae in healthy/qualified populations in countries such as Japan is close to 100%, and the infection rates in Great Britain and America are approximately 10% 33,35 . A high viral load of Anelloviridae infection has been shown to cause some clinical symptoms in humans 34,36 ; however, whether these viruses can cause disease remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic analysis and identification of emerging pathogens in blood from healthy donors

Gao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Emerging infectious pathogens that threaten blood transfusions are known to be present in blood samples from healthy/qualified donors. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbiome of blood from healthy donors from the Luzhou area in southwestern China. Potential pathogens and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the donor blood were identified. Total plasma nucleic acids were extracted from one pool of 5734 samples and were constructed for metagenomics analysis using Illumina sequencing. The microbiome and potential emerging/re-emerging pathogens were identified using bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, CMV antigen was measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the CMV DNA level was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. A total of 132 bacterial reads, 65 viral reads and 165 parasitic reads were obtained. The most frequent bacterium was Escherichia coli (95/132, 72%) with 95 reads in 132 bacterial reads, and the most prevalent parasite was Toxoplasma gondii (131/165, 79%). Among the viruses, cytomegalovirus (44/65, 68%) accounted for the highest frequency, followed by Hepatitis E Virus (10/65, 15%). Moreover, the positive rate of CMV-IgG was 46.25% (2652/5734), and the positive rate of CMV-IgM was 5.82% (334/5734). The positive rate of dual positive (IgG+ and IgM+) CMV was 0.07% (4/5734). Twenty-one (0.37%) specimens from 5734 donated blood samples were positive for CMV DNA. The CMV DNA levels ranged from 7.56 × 102 to 3.58 × 103 copies/mL. The current study elucidated the microbiome structure in blood from healthy/qualified donors in the Luzhou area and identified emerging/re-emerging pathogens. This preliminary study contributes to information regarding blood transfusion safety in China.

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“…Other nonstandard viruses that have been evaluated in cryptogenic chronic liver disease have been HIV, TT (Torque teno or Transfusion Transmitted) virus [127][128][129][130], and SEN (named for the patient) virus [131][132][133][134]. Liver disease in the absence of the common hepatotrophic viruses has been described in HIV-infected patients, and a primary hepatic role for HIV cannot be discounted [34,35].…”

Section: Cryptogenic Chronic Hepatitis and Chronic Viral Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptogenic Chronic Hepatitis and Its Changing Guise in Adults

Czaja

2011

Dig Dis Sci

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Cryptogenic chronic hepatitis is a disease that is unexplained by conventional clinical, laboratory and histological findings, and it can progress to cirrhosis, develop hepatocellular carcinoma, and require liver transplantation. The goals of this review are to describe the changing phenotype of cryptogenic chronic hepatitis in adults, develop a diagnostic algorithm appropriate to current practice, and suggest treatment options. The frequency of cryptogenic hepatitis is estimated at 5.4%. Cryptogenic cirrhosis is diagnosed in 5-30% of patients with cirrhosis, and it is present in 3-14% of adults awaiting liver transplantation. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been implicated in 21-63% of patients, and autoimmune hepatitis is a likely diagnosis in 10-54% of individuals. Viral infections, hereditary liver diseases, celiac disease, and unsuspected alcohol or drug-induced liver injury are recognized infrequently in the current cryptogenic population. Manifestations of the metabolic syndrome heighten the suspicion of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the absence of hepatic steatosis does not discount this possibility. The diagnostic scoring system of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group can support the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis in some patients. Certain genetic mutations may have disease-specificity, and they suggest that some patients may have an independent and uncharacterized disease. Corticosteroid therapy is effective in patients with autoimmune features, and life-style changes and specific therapies for manifestations of the metabolic syndrome are appropriate for all obese patients. The 1- and 5-year survivals after liver transplantation have ranged from 72-85% to 58-73%, respectively.

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Torque Teno Virus—Cause of Viral Liver Disease Following Liver Transplantation: A Case Report

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system

Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system

Metagenomic analysis and identification of emerging pathogens in blood from healthy donors

Cryptogenic Chronic Hepatitis and Its Changing Guise in Adults

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